Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Healthcare Personnel With Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Case-Participants) or Without SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Control-Participants) at 24 US Sites, October 2021–June 2022
| Characteristic | Participants With Characteristic/Total No. (%)a | SMD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case-Participants | Control-Participants | ||
| Age group, y | |||
| 18–29 | 721/3258 (22.1) | 776/3965 (19.6) | 0.063 |
| 30–39 | 1072/3258 (32.9) | 1370/3965 (34.6) | −0.035 |
| 40–49 | 726/3258 (22.3) | 842/3965 (21.2) | 0.025 |
| ≥ 50 | 739/3258 (22.7) | 977/3965 (24.6) | −0.046 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 626/3275 (19.1) | 713/3993 (17.9) | 0.032 |
| Female | 2646/3275 (80.8) | 3274/3993 (82.0) | −0.031 |
| Unknown | 3/3275 (0.1) | 6/3993 (0.2) | −0.017 |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 2478/3218 (77.0) | 3214/3931 (81.8) | −0.118 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 254/3218 (7.9) | 204/3931 (5.2) | 0.109 |
| Hispanic | 273/3218 (8.5) | 236/3931 (6.0) | 0.096 |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 213/3218 (6.6) | 277/3931 (7.0) | −0.017 |
| Educational level | |||
| No college degree | 408/3271 (12.5) | 401/3997 (10.0) | 0.077 |
| College degree | 2302/3271 (70.4) | 2705/3997 (67.7) | 0.058 |
| Doctoral or professional degree | 553/3271 (16.9) | 882/3997 (22.1) | −0.131 |
| Unknown | 8/3271 (0.2) | 9/3997 (0.2) | 0.004 |
| No. of underlying health conditionsb | |||
| 0 | 962/3279 (29.3) | 1177/3998 (29.4) | −0.002 |
| 1 | 1419/3279 (43.3) | 1620/3998 (40.5) | 0.056 |
| ≥2 | 898/3279 (27.4) | 1201/3998 (30.0) | −0.059 |
| Underlying health conditionsb | |||
| Pulmonary disease | 464/3279 (14.2) | 723/3998 (18.1) | −0.107 |
| Cardiac disease | 67/3279 (2.0) | 96/3998 (2.4) | −0.024 |
| Liver disease | 13/3279 (0.4) | 17/3998 (0.4) | −0.004 |
| Renal disease | 24/3279 (0.7) | 27/3998 (0.7) | 0.007 |
| DM type 1 or 2 | 123/3279 (3.8) | 160/3998 (4.0) | −0.013 |
| Obesity | 976/3279 (29.8) | 1226/3998 (30.7) | −0.020 |
| Overweight without obesity | 987/3279 (30.1) | 1101/3998 (27.5) | 0.057 |
| Cancer | 18/3279 (0.5) | 36/3998 (0.9) | −0.041 |
| Immunocompromisedc | 62/3279 (1.9) | 88/3998 (2.2) | −0.022 |
| Mood disorder | 138/3279 (4.2) | 152/3998 (3.8) | 0.021 |
| Smoking or substance abuse | 626/3279 (19.1) | 799/3998 (20.0) | −0.023 |
| Other | 3/3279 (0.1) | 0/3998 (0) | 0.043 |
| Pregnancy | 69/3277 (2.1) | 90/3994 (2.3) | −0.010 |
| Vaccination status on test dated | |||
| 2 Doses | 1375/3279 (41.9) | 759/3998 (19.0) | 0.515 |
| 2 Doses + booster dose | 1904/3279 (58.1) | 3239/3998 (81.0) | −0.515 |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; DM, diabetes mellitus; SMD, standardized mean difference.
Case-participants had symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection confirmed by antigen test or nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT); control-participants had a negative SARS-CoV-2 NAAT result, with or without symptoms.
Underlying health conditions as defined in Supplementary Table 1.
Reported condition associated with immunocompromise or an immunosuppressant medication. Cancer was considered to be associated with immunocompromise if an active solid organ cancer was reported. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was reported in <5% of participants categorized as immunocompromised.
Note: “2 doses” was defined as receipt of a second dose of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine ≥5 months before severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test date; “booster dose,” as any mRNA vaccine dose administered ≥5 months after dose 2.