Table 2.
Risk of Covid-19 related hospital admission in occupations with >2000 employees working in industrial sectors (2-digit DB07) and occupations (DISCO-08) with a COVID-19 job exposure matrix sumscore >12. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence limits (CI) relative to employees in all occupations with unlikely occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 a. Significant associations in bold.
| Occupation (descending number employees) | DISCO-08 code | Employees (N) | COVID-19 admissions (N) | IRR (sex and age adjusted) | IRR fully adjusted b | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEALTHCARE (db07 code 86) | ||||||
| Nursing Professionals | 2221 | 51 156 | 104 | 1.65 | 1.89 | 1.42–2.50 |
| Medical Practitioners | 2211, 2212 | 18 518 | 44 | 1.64 | 2.03 | 1.27–3.25 |
| Dental Assistants and Therapists | 3251 | 8068 | 12 | 1.34 | 0.96 | 0.53–1.75 |
| Healthcare Assistants | 532120 | 7142 | 35 | 3.50 | 3.54 | 2.34–5.36 |
| Physiotherapists | 226410 | 6541 | 8 | 0.98 | 1.30 | 0.63–2.70 |
| Medical Laboratory Technicians | 3212 | 6229 | 16 | 2.06 | 1.86 | 1.06–3.24 |
| Psychological Therapists | 2634 | 5052 | 12 | 1.91 | 2.52 | 1.37–4.65 |
| Cleaners and Helpers | 9112 | 4045 | 15 | 2.59 | 1.53 | 0.87–2.69 |
| Recreational Therapists | 226910 | 3798 | 8 | 1.78 | 2.35 | 1.10–5.02 |
| Dentists | 226100 | 3351 | 6 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 0.54–2.80 |
| Hospital Attendants (porters) | 532130 | 3172 | 12 | 1.97 | 1.94 | 1.06–3.56 |
| X-ray Technicians | 3211 | 2438 | 7 | 2.22 | 2.22 | 1.04–4.73 |
| Midwifery Professionals | 2222 | 2042 | <5 | 0.91 | 1.05 | 0.26–4.24 |
| COVID-19 JEM sumscore 1-12 | 25 189 | 51 | 1.52 | 1.61 | 1.20–2.17 | |
| 2000 employees | 2864 | 10 | 1.91 | 2.08 | 1.08–3.98 | |
| Missing DISCO-08 code | 11 762 | 18 | 1.12 | 1.47 | 0.65–3.33 | |
| SOCIAL CARE (DB07 code 87-88) | ||||||
| Special Teaching Professionals | 2357 | 31 529 | 50 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 0.78–1.55 |
| Nursing Aides (institutions) | 5321 | 27 224 | 62 | 1.66 | 1.43 | 1.06–1.94 |
| Homecare Aides, private homes (DB07 8810) | 532210 | 26 134 | 69 | 1.95 | 1.22 | 0.90–1.64 |
| Nursing Aides (private homes) | 532220 | 21 313 | 61 | 2.17 | 1.67 | 1.21–2.29 |
| Teachers/Daycare Assistants. 0-3 years (DB07 889120) | 531120 | 17 908 | 29 | 1.25 | 1.24 | 0.85–1.81 |
| Teachers/Daycare Assistants.4-7 years (DB07 889130) | 531120 | 11 150 | 29 | 1.83 | 1.56 | 1.07–2.28 |
| Teachers/Daycare Assistants.7-15 years ((DB07 889140) | 531120 | 4388 | 6 | 1.11 | 0.93 | 0.41–2.08 |
| Nursing Professionals | 2221 | 11 103 | 26 | 1.76 | 1.81 | 1.18–2.77 |
| Family Daycare Workers | 531110 | 9900 | 13 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 0.55–1.68 |
| Social Work and Counselling Professionals | 263500 | 4314 | 5 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.36–2.13 |
| Cleaners | 9112 | 4178 | 17 | 2.78 | 1.41 | 0.84–2.36 |
| Primary School Teachers | 2341 | 3316 | 5 | 1.11 | 1.05 | 0.43–2.54 |
| Kitchen Helpers | 9412 | 2353 | <5 | 1.31 | 2.02 | 0.73–5.59 |
| Physiotherapists | 2226 | 2184 | 5 | 1.54 | 1.03 | 0.42–2.52 |
| COVID-19 JEM sumscore 1-12 | 112 577 | 253 | 1.64 | 1.28 | 1.07–1.52 | |
| ≤2000 employees | 2195 | <5 | 1.23 | 0.98 | 0.37–2.62 | |
| Missing DISCO-08 code | 14 157 | 31 | 1.50 | 1.12 | 0.62–2.01 | |
| EDUCATION (DB07 code 85) | ||||||
| Primary School Teachers | 2341 | 72 524 | 113 | 1.09 | 1.16 | 0.93–1.45 |
| University and Higher Education Teachers | 2310 | 28 225 | 26 | 0.64 | 0.67 | 0.44–1.01 |
| Secondary Education Teachers | 233010 | 13 811 | 15 | 0.74 | 0.87 | 0.52–1.48 |
| Early Childhood Educators | 2343 | 12 487 | 22 | 1.25 | 1.21 | 0.78–1.86 |
| Vocational Education Teachers | 2320 | 10 074 | 13 | 0.74 | 0.77 | 0.44–1.34 |
| Preschool Child Helpers | 531120 | 5327 | 12 | 1.62 | 1.37 | 0.77–2.45 |
| Education Managers | 134500 | 4450 | <5 | 0.50 | 0.57 | 0.21–1.54 |
| Cleaners | 9112 | 3704 | 14 | 2.40 | 1.60 | 0.89–2.87 |
| COVID-19 JEM sumscore 1-12 | 27 185 | 60 | 1.40 | 1.39 | 1.04–1.85 | |
| ≤2000 employees c | 6046 | 16 | 1.63 | 1.60 | 0.97–2.64 | |
| Missing DISCO-08 code | 9248 | 20 | 1.42 | 1.29 | 0.65–2.57 | |
| TRANSPORTATION (DB07 code 49-51) | ||||||
| Heavy Truck and Lorry Drivers | 8332 | 14 351 | 22 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.52–1.36 |
| Bus and Tram Drivers | 8331 | 10 775 | 93 | 4.35 | 2.46 | 1.79–3.40 |
| Car, Taxi and Van Drivers | 8322 | 2858 | 18 | 3.37 | 1.60 | 0.94–2.70 |
| Locomotive Engine Drivers | 8311 | 2361 | 7 | 1.41 | 1.23 | 0.58–2.61 |
| Travel Attendants and Travel Stuarts | 5111 | 2090 | <5 | 0.66 | 0.63 | 0.15–2.58 |
| COVID-19 JEM sumscore 1-12 | 8312 | 15 | 1.03 | 0.84 | 0.50–1.43 | |
| ≤2000 employees | 5987 | 12 | 1.04 | 0.92 | 0.51–1.65 | |
| Missing DISCO-08 code | 14 576 | 70 | 2.79 | 1.49 | 1.12–1.97 | |
| RETAIL SALES (DB07 code 47) | ||||||
| Shop Sales Assistants, non-specialized (DB07 4711- 4719) | 5223 | 17 734 | 22 | 1.03 | 0.94 | 0.59–1.50 |
| Shop Sales Assistants, specialized (DB07 472-78) | 5223 | 36 771 | 51 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 0.82–1.62 |
| Cashiers and Ticket Clerks | 5230 | 12 804 | 15 | 0.97 | 0.93 | 0.54–1.61 |
| Retail Trade Managers | 142010 | 5962 | 10 | 1.17 | 1.24 | 0.65–2.35 |
| Service Station Attendants | 5245 | 3592 | <5 | 0.71 | 0.56 | 0.18–1.79 |
| Pharmaceutical Technicians and Assistants | 3213 | 3267 | 7 | 1.77 | 1.27 | 0.59–2.73 |
| Shelf Fillers | 9334 | 3248 | 9 | 1.96 | 1.41 | 0.71–2.80 |
| Butchers and Fishmongers | 7511 | 2973 | <5 | 0.95 | 1.15 | 0.42–3.13 |
| COVID-19 JEM sumscore 1-12 | 15 204 | 22 | 1.02 | 0.91 | 0.59–1.42 | |
| ≤2000 employees | 3984 | 12 | 2.20 | 2.15 | 1.21–3.82 | |
| Missing DISCO-08 code | 20 760 | 32 | 1.12 | 0.94 | 0.65–1.35 | |
| ACCOMODATION, FOOD, BUILDING, PERSONAL AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES, RECREATION ACTIVITY (DB07 codes 55, 56, 81, 93, 96) | ||||||
| Cleaners and Helpers (except private homes) | 9112 | 27 849 | 107 | 2.82 | 1.20 | 0.89–1.61 |
| Cooks | 5120 | 10 496 | 9 | 0.67 | 0.50 | 0.25–0.99 |
| Waiters and Bartenders | 5131, 5132 | 10 332 | 9 | 0.84 | 0.67 | 0.34–1.33 |
| Protective Service Workers | 5411-5419 | 21 843 | 51 | 1.42 | 1.24 | 0.92–1.68 |
| Kitchen Helpers | 9412 | 7658 | 14 | 1.54 | 0.89 | 0.51–1.56 |
| Building Caretakers | 5153 | 5660 | 15 | 1.35 | 1.18 | 0.69–2.04 |
| Hairdressers and Cosmetologists | 514 | 5398 | 10 | 1.74 | 1.49 | 0.74–3.01 |
| Fast Food Preparers | 9411 | 3610 | <5 | 0.48 | 0.36 | 0.09–1.47 |
| Gardeners and Horticultural Growers | 6113 | 2742 | <5 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.03–1.64 |
| Hotel Receptionists | 4224 | 2679 | <5 | 0.66 | 0.54 | 0.13–2.20 |
| COVID-19 JEM sumscore 1-12 | 22 311 | 37 | 1.04 | 0.87 | 0.61–1.24 | |
| ≤2000 employees c | 12 786 | 31 | 1.66 | 1.38 | 0.95–2.02 | |
| Missing DISCO-08 code | 50 569 | 143 | 2.19 | 2.03 | 0.77–5.32 | |
| Reference (all occupations with unlikely occupational SARS-CoV-2 exposure) a | 369 341 | 559 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Likelihood of occupational SARS-CoV-2 exposure according to a population-based international expert-rated job exposure matrix that assesses four measures of number of close indoor contacts at work, two mitigation measures and two job insecurity measures, each rated on a scale from low (0) to high (3),
Adjustment for sex, age (10 year groups), duration of education at baseline (5 groups), number of hospital admissions for one or more of 11 chronic diseases in the 10 years preceding start of the pandemic (0, 1, >1), country of origin (4 categories), geographical region (5 groups), number of household members (0, 1, 2, 3+), probability of tobacco smoking (<10%, 10-<20%, 20+ %), bodymass index (< 25 kg/m2 / ≥ 25 kg/m2), family positive PCR swab test (at least one member of the family besides the index person with positive PCT test during the previous 2-3 weeks, yes/no) and Covid-19 vaccination (from date of second vaccination until end of follow-up).
Occupations with fewer than 2000 employees kept as separate category within industrial sectors.