Table 3.
Description of bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showing an association between delayed treatment seeking and associated factors among participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Dilla University Referral Hospital, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2022.
| Variables | Category | Duration of untreated psychosis | Crude odds ratio (95%CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shorter | Longer | |||||
| Age | 18–24 | 28 | 36 | 1 | ||
| 25–34 | 78 | 70 | 0.69 (0.387, 1.259) | 0.39 (0.425, 1. 425) | 0.11 | |
| 35–44 | 60 | 48 | 0.62 (0.334, 1.160) | 0.47 (0.369, 1.049) | 0.06 | |
| ≥45 | 34 | 30 | 0.68 (0.342, 1.377) | 0.37 (0.383, 1.231) | 0.14 | |
| Gender | Female | 140 | 60 | 1 | 1 | |
| Male | 160 | 54 | 0.78 (0.511, 1.213) | 0.61 (0.548, 1.132) | 0.13 | |
| Distance from health facility | <5 km | 137 | 80 | 1 | 1 | |
| ≥5 km | 62 | 135 | 3.48 (2.319, 5.216) | 3.20 (2.648, 5.251)* | 0.000 | |
| Attitude toward psychiatric medication | Positive | 128 | 150 | 1 | ||
| Negative | 30 | 106 | 3.01 (1.886, 4.819) | 2.88 (2.034, 4.469)* | 0.000 | |
| Educational status | Unable to read and write | 30 | 120 | 1 | 1 | |
| Elementary | 52 | 20 | 0.096 (0.050, 0.185) | 0.089 (0.056, 0.166)* | 0.00 | |
| High school | 50 | 24 | 0.12 (0.064, 0.225) | 0.09 (0.071, 0.204)* | 0.00 | |
| Diploma and above | 100 | 18 | 0.045 (0.024, 0.085) | 0.040 (0.026, 0.077)* | 0.00 | |
| Social support | Strong social support | 95 | 25 | 1 | 1 | |
| Moderate social support | 76 | 18 | 0.90 (0.457, 1.771) | 0.69 (0.510, 1.588) | 0.39 | |
| Poor social support | 90 | 110 | 4.64 (2.758, 7.822) | 3.97 (2.999, 7.193)* | 0.00 | |
| Family cohesion | Very connected | 80 | 50 | 1 | 1 | |
| Connected | 60 | 45 | 1.20 (0.711, 2.026) | 1.00 (0.773, 1.862) | 0.25 | |
| Separated | 25 | 50 | 3.20 (1.763, 5.808) | 2.60 (1.940, 5.277)* | 0.0006 | |
| Disengaged | 30 | 74 | 3.95 (2.272, 6.855) | 3.40 (2.483, 6.273)* | 0.0001 | |
| Family adaptability | Very flexible | 90 | 64 | 1 | 1 | |
| Flexible | 50 | 30 | 0.84 (0.485, 1.469) | 0.59 (0.530, 1.344) | 0.27 | |
| Structured | 34 | 46 | 1.90 (1.101, 3.288) | 1.50 (1.202, 3.011)* | 0.019 | |
| Rigid | 25 | 75 | 2.61 (1.551, 4.398) | 2.00 (1.686, 4.044)* | 0.0001 | |
| Internalized stigma | Low | 140 | 80 | 1 | ||
| High | 60 | 134 | 3.90 (2.594, 5.889) | 3.24 (2.770, 5.514)* | 0 | |
| Awareness about availability of psychiatric treatment | Yes | 110 | 90 | 1 | ||
| No | 84 | 130 | 1.89 (1.279, 2.797) | 1.63 (1.362, 2.626)* | 0.000 | |
Hosmer and Lemeshow test result was P-value = 0.069. *indicate factors with significant association.