Table 4.
Adjusted associations between children’s media use and diet quality.
|
|
Outcome: Children’s HEI scores |
|
|---|---|---|
| b (95% CI)2 | P-valuea | |
|
| ||
| Model intercept | 60.0 (53.9, 66.1) | - |
| Children’s media use, per 1 h per week increment | ||
| Ad-supported TV | −0.5 (−0.8, −0.1) | < 0.01 |
| Mixed ad-exposure | − 0.2 (−0.2, − 0.1) | < 0.01 |
| Ad-free TV, DVD or VHS | − 0.1 (−0.2, 0.04) | 0.21 |
| Covariates | ||
| Child age, years | −1.1 (−2.2, 0.1) | 0.03 |
| Child sex: girl vs. boy | 0.3 (−1.2, 1.9) | 0.67 |
| Parent lives with spouse or partner | 1.1 (−1.3, 3.6) | 0.36 |
| Parent educational level | ||
| Some high school to Associate’s degree | Reference | 0.37 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 0.8 (−1.0, 2.7) | |
| Annual household income | ||
| ≥$75,000 vs. <$75,000 | − 0.02 (−1.8, 1.8) | 0.98 |
| Frequency of eating dinner together as a family, days per week | ||
| 1–2 days | Reference | |
| 3–4 days | 0.6 (−3.0, 4.1) | 0.76 |
| 5–6 days | 1.7 (−1.6, 5.1) | 0.31 |
| 7 days | 2.6 (−0.6, 5.8) | 0.11 |
| Parent vegetable and fruit intakeb | ||
| Meets guidelines for both | Reference | |
| Below guidelines for one | −1.3 (−3.3, 0.6) | 0.19 |
| Below guidelines for both | −1.8 (−3.7, − 0.04) | 0.06 |
| Parent frequency of soda intake | ||
| 0 days a week | Reference | |
| 1 –2 days a week | − 0.1 (−2.4, 2.2) | 0.94 |
| More than 2 days a week | − 0.6 (−3.2, 1.9) | 0.63 |
| Parent frequency of fast food intake | ||
| Less than once a month | Reference | |
| At least monthly yet less than once a week | −1.8 (−3.7, 0.2) | 0.08 |
| At least weekly | − 2.9 (−4.8, −1.0) | < 0.01 |
Among 535 children and one parent enrolled in a cohort study who completed a multiple day food diary assessment.b = Adjusted, estimated beta coefficient.
Beta coefficients are from one adjusted linear regression model; all model covariates are presented.
A d-supported TV included viewing of any of the six predefined ad-supported children’s TV networks (Boomerang, Cartoon Network, Disney XD, the HUB, Nickelodeon, or Nicktoons). Ad-free TV included viewing of any of the five predefined ad-free children’s TV networks (Disney Channel, Disney Jr., Nick Jr., PBS Kids or Sprout) and was combined with DVD or VHS viewing. Mixed ad- exposure included mobile applications, Internet and video or computer games.