Table 1.

Descriptive statistics.

Variables’ categorization	Variable	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Dependent variables	Self-reported health	0.432	0.495	0	1
Independent variables	UCHECS	0.100	0.301	0	1
Instrumental variable	CP_CHECS	0.216	0.280	0	1
	CU_CHECS	0.101	0.173	0	1
Mechanism variables	Emotional support	0.491	0.500	0	1
	Social adaptation	0.699	0.459	0	1
	Social environment perception	0.730	0.444	0	1
	Self-efficacy	0.443	0.497	0	1
	Family care	0.809	0.393	0	1
Individual level variables	Gender	0.496	0.500	0	1
	Age	71.813	7.290	62	108
	Household registration	0.466	0.499	0	1
	Marital status	0.685	0.465	0	1
	Never received education	0.273	0.446	0	1
	Primary school	0.410	0.492	0	1
	Junior high school	0.230	0.421	0	1
	High school or above	0.087	0.282	0	1
	Number of cohabitants	1.614	1.230	0	7
	Ln (individual annual income)	9193.771	12531.690	100	60000
	Whether having commercial insurance or social security	0.748	0.434	0	1
	Whether smoking	0.285	0.452	0	1
	Daily activities: limitations in neither ADL nor IADL	0.721	0.448	0	1
	Daily activities: limitations in ADL	0.191	0.393	0	1
	Daily activities: limitations in IADL	0.014	0.116	0	1
	Daily activities: limitations in both ADL and IADL	0.074	0.263	0	1
	Whether having chronic illness	0.723	0.448	0	1
Family level variables	Ln (per capita household income)	11677.990	11161.200	333.3333	55000
	Number of surviving children	2.644	1.369	1	10
	Family financial support	0.870	0.337	0	1
	Family emotional support	0.850	0.357	0	1
Community level variables	Whether having senior centers and other facilities in community	0.666	0.472	0	1
	Community location	0.366	0.482	0	1

Authors’ own calculations.