Summary of findings 5. 10‐day cefadroxil versus 10‐day ampicillin for treating lower urinary tract infection in children.

10‐day cefadroxil versus 10‐day ampicillin for treating lower urinary tract infection in children
Patient or population: children with lower urinary tract infection Settings: not stated Intervention: 10‐day cefadroxil Comparison: 10‐day ampicillin
Outcomes	Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)		Relative effect (95% CI)	No of Participants (studies)	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)	Comments
	Assumed risk	Corresponding risk
	10‐day ampicillin	10‐day cefadroxil
Persistent bacteriuria	Study population		RR 0.33 (0.01 to 7.62)	32 (1 study)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2
	62 per 1000	21 per 1000 (1 to 480)
	Medium risk population
	63 per 1000	21 per 1000 (1 to 480)
Persistent symptoms	Study population		RR 0.33 (0.01 to 7.62)	32 (1 study)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2
	62 per 1000	21 per 1000 (1 to 480)
	Medium risk population
	63 per 1000	21 per 1000 (1 to 480)
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.

¹ Randomisation method, allocation concealment and blinding not reported.
 ² Very small numbers of patients (32) and CIs are very wide and cross 1