Summary of findings 6. Single‐dose fosfomycin versus single‐dose netilmicin for treating lower urinary tract infection in children.

Single‐dose fosfomycin versus single‐dose netilmicin for treating lower urinary tract infection in children
Patient or population: children with lower urinary tract infection Settings: outpatients department Intervention: single‐dose fosfomycin Comparison: single‐dose netilmicin
Outcomes	Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)		Relative effect (95% CI)	No of Participants (studies)	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)	Comments
	Assumed risk	Corresponding risk
	Single‐dose netilmicin	Single‐dose fosfomycin
Persistent bacteriuria	Study population		RR 3.15 (0.68 to 14.64)	135 (1 study)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2
	31 per 1000	98 per 1000 (21 to 454)
	Medium risk population
	31 per 1000	98 per 1000 (21 to 454)
Recurrence	Study population		RR 0.63 (0.26 to 1.56)	135 (1 study)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2
	156 per 1000	98 per 1000 (41 to 243)
	Medium risk population
	156 per 1000	98 per 1000 (41 to 243)
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio;
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.

¹ Randomisation method, allocation concealment and blinding not reported.
 ² Number of patients is reasonably small (135) and CIs are very wide and crossed 1