Ahmed 2001.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Study period: NS
Participants	Inclusion criteria Setting/recruitment: outpatient department Country: USA Children aged between 6 months and 12 years with signs and symptoms of UTI, significant bacteriuria defined > 105 cfu/mL, and the presence of organisms susceptible to TMP and TMP‐SMX. Urine collection method not reported. Number: 125 randomised, 59 analysed Treatment group: 30 Control group: 29 Exclusion criteria: NS
Interventions	Treatment group 10‐day TMP (monotherapy; 10 mg/kg/d) in 2 doses Control group 10‐day TMP (8 mg/kg/d) + (SMX 40 mg/kg/d) in 2 doses
Outcomes	Persistent bacteriuria (16‐19 days following treatment) Persistent symptoms (16‐19 days following treatment) Recurrence (16‐19 days following treatment)
Notes	Source of funding: NS
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Investigators blinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Less than half the randomised patients were analysed, no reason for losses to follow‐up given.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Planned outcomes were all analysed