Grimwood 1988.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Study period: NS
Participants	Inclusion criteria Setting/recruitment: outpatients department, Christchurch Hospital Country: New Zealand Children aged 2 weeks to 12 years with significant bacteriuria defined as > 105 cfu/mL in 2 consecutive clean catch urine samples or any growth on supra‐pubic aspiration. Children with cystitis were afebrile or had fever < 38ºC, no loin pain or tenderness and were without other significant systemic symptoms. Mean age: 4.9 years Number of participants: 45 children Exclusion criteria Children with pyelonephritis were also included in this study and were reported separately (and excluded from this review).
Interventions	Treatment group Single intramuscular gentamicin injection 3 mg/kg Control group 7‐day course of appropriate antibiotic depending on culture sensitivity in standard doses (included TMP‐SMX, amoxicillin, cephlosporins).
Outcomes	Persistent bacteriuria (1 day following treatment) Recurrence (< 1 week following treatment) Re‐infection (> 1 week following treatment)
Notes	23 children with 3 or more proven UTIs during the preceding 12 months were defined as having a history of recurrent UTIs. Source of funding: National Children's Health Research Foundation
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random numbers table
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All patients randomised were analysed
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Planned outcomes were all analysed