Helin 1984.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Study period: NS
Participants	Inclusion criteria Setting/recruitment: NS Country: Sweden Children aged under 15 years with at least 2 clinical symptoms of a UTI (including frequency, dysuria, urgency and enuresis) and significant bacteriuria defined as > 105 cfu/mL in a clean catch mid‐stream urine sample Mean age: 7.2 years Number: treatment group (19); control group (24) Sex (M/F): 1/42 Exclusion criteria Signs or laboratory findings suggesting upper urinary tract involvement (fever > 38.5ºC, flank pain, elevated ESR and leukocytosis); known sensitivity to cephalexin and nitrofurantoin; neurogenic bladder disorder; known structural malformation of the kidneys
Interventions	Treatment group 3‐day cephalexin 25‐50 mg/kg/d in 2 doses Control group 10‐day nitrofurantoin 3‐4 mg/kg/d in 2 or 3 doses
Outcomes	Persistent bacteriuria (4‐7 days following treatment) Recurrence (any time during follow‐up; mean 8 months) Re‐infection (any time during follow‐up; mean 8 months)
Notes	Source of funding: NS
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All patients randomised were analysed
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Planned outcomes were all analysed