Shapiro 1981.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Study period: NS
Participants	Inclusion criteria Setting/recruitment: emergency department, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Country: USA Girls aged 2 to 18 years with symptoms of a UTI (including frequency, dysuria and/or urgency) and significant bacteriuria defined as ≥ 105 cfu/mL in 2 clean catch urine samples, or ≥ 1000 cfu/mL on supra‐pubic aspiration. Mean age: 5.6 years Number: 37 randomised, 35 analysed Treatment group: 18 Control group: 17 Exclusion criteria Clinical evidence of upper UTI (fever > 38ºC and/or flank pain); known anatomic or functional urinary tract abnormality; currently receiving antibiotics; history of penicillin allergy
Interventions	Treatment group Single‐dose amoxicillin 50 mg/kg (to a maximum of 2.5 g) Control group 10‐day amoxicillin 40 mg/kg/d in 3 divided doses (to a maximum of 500 mg/dose)
Outcomes	Persistent bacteriuria (2 days following treatment) Recurrence (within 3 months following treatment)
Notes	Source of funding: Not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Patient and physician
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Two children were excluded from analyses because the second urine culture was negative.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All planned outcomes were reported