Wallen 1983.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Study period: NS
Participants	Inclusion criteria Setting/recruitment: outpatients, The Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago Country: USA Girls aged 1 year to 12 years with suspected UTI and significant bacteriuria defined as ≥ 105 cfu/mL E. coli organisms in 2 clean catch or urine collection bag samples. Median age: 5.45 years Number: 54 randomised, 49 analysed Treatment group: 26 Control group: 25 Exclusion criteria Clinical symptoms of pyelonephritis (including fever > 38.3ºC, flank pain, chills, ESR >21 mm/h); previous UTIs; antibiotic use during the week prior to the study; known urinary tract abnormalities
Interventions	Treatment group Single‐dose intramuscular amikacin sulfate 7.5 mg/kg (to a maximum of 240 mg) Control group 10‐day sulfisoxazole 150 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses
Outcomes	Persistent bacteriuria (2‐4 days following treatment) Recurrence (30‐40 days following treatment)
Notes	Re‐infection rates were presented, but were only available for the single‐dose amikacin group; these rates have not been reported in this review. Source of funding: NS
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random numbers table
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	At the 2‐4 day follow‐up, 6 girls were lost to follow‐up. By the 30‐40 day follow‐up, 10 girls were lost to follow‐up.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All planned outcomes were reported

BUN ‐ blood urea nitrogen; CRP ‐ C‐reactive protein; ESR ‐ erythrocyte sedimentation rate; NS ‐ not stated; SCr ‐ serum creatinine; SMX ‐ sulfamethoxazole; TMP ‐ trimethoprim; UTI ‐ urinary tract infection