TABLE 1.
DEP and ANX in patients with ALD
| References, country | Study design | ALD patient (N) | Comparison group (N) | Assessment and cut-score | Prevalence DEP | Prevalence ANX |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annema et al 6 Netherlands | Prospective cohort | 51 | — |
STAI, ≥ 12
CES-D, ≥16 |
37.3 | 43.1 |
| DiMartini et al 7 US | Prospective longitudinal | 167 | — | DSM-IV Diagnoses | 20 | 13 |
| Rogal et al8 US | Retrospect-analysis | 46 ALD w/DEP | 162 ALD w/o DEP | ICD-9 diagnoses | 22% vs. 19% | — |
| Santos et al 9 Brazil | Prospective | <80 a | — | BAI, ≥ 8 | — | 29% with mild, moderate, or severe ANX |
Note: Italicized = Studies that reported the prevalence of ANX, either in combination with- or independent of the prevalence of DEP.
a
This study did not provide the N of patients with ALD, but instead indicated HCV to be the modal etiology of LD with N = 80 patients.
Abbreviations: BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; ICD-9, International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.