TABLE 2.
DEP and ANX in patients with NAFLD
| References, country | Study design | NAFLD patient (N) | Comparison group (N) | Assessment and cut-score | Prevalence DEP | Prevalence ANX |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jung et al11 Korea | Cross-sectional | 112,797 | — | CES-D ≥ 16 | 11.1% (FLI—normal) | — |
| — | — | — | — | 8.9% (FLI—mild) | — | |
| — | — | — | — | 9.7% (FLI—Mod/severe) | — | |
| Weinstein et al12 US | Cross-sectional | 184 | 190 HBV 504 HCV |
Self-Report + MR Confirm |
27.2% NAFLD 3.7% HBV 29.8% HCV |
— |
| Xiao et al13 Singapore | Meta-analysis | 2,041,752 | — | Various | 18.2% pooled estimate | — |
| Youssef et al 14 US | Cross-sectional | 567 | — |
HADS-D (1–7, ≥ 8)
HADS-A (1–7, ≥8) |
14% (clinical ≥8)
53% (Subclinical 1–7) |
25% (clinical ≥8)
45% (subclinical 1–7) |
Note: Italicized = Studies that examined both depression and anxiety symptoms.
Abbreviations: CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; FLI, Fatty Liver Index; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MR, medical record.