TABLE 4.
DEP and ANX in patients with other etiologies of chronic LD
| References, country | Study design | Etiology LD patient (N) | Comparison group (N) | Assessment and cut-score | Prevalence DEP | Prevalence ANX |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Huang et al 23 China | Prospective | 209 HBV | — | HAM-D ≥ 20 | 5.3% | — |
| — | — | — | HAM-D 7-19 | 23.9% | — | |
| Huet et al24 Canada | Cross-sectional | 116 PBC | — | BDI ≥10 | 44.8% | — |
| Janik et al 25 Poland | Cross-sectional | 140 AIH | 170 healthy |
PHQ-9
STAI |
29% w/ moderate to severe symptoms | Measured, but rates not reported |
| van Os et al26 Netherlands | Cross-sectional | 92 | — | BDI ≥10 | 42% | — |
| — | PBC and PSC | — | DSM-IV | — | — | |
| — | — | — | MDD | 3.7% | — | |
| Schramm et al 27 Germany | Cross-sectional | 103 AIH | 1939 Healthy | PHQ-9 | 5.9% w/DEP symptoms | 8.3% w/ moderate ANX |
| — | — | 3720 Healthy | GAD-7 | 10.8% w/ MDD | 4.2% w/ severe ANX | |
| Yilmaz et al 28 Turkey | Cross-sectional | 41 HBV | 36 inactive HBV and 53 healthy | HADS-D > 10 | 60% HBV | 48.7% HBV |
| — | — | — | HADS-A > 8 | 47.2% inactive HBV | 33.5% inactive HBV | |
| — | — | — | — | 25% Healthy | 20.7% Healthy |
Note: Studies that examined both DEP and ANX.
Abbreviations: AIH, autoimmune hepatitis; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition; GADI, generalized anxiety disorder-7; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MDD, major depressive disorder; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire, 9-Item Version; PBC, primary biliary cholangitis; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.