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. 2023 Oct 4;9(40):eadi5261. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5261

Fig. 1. Conceptual scheme.

Fig. 1.

Alice (A) and Bob (B) initially share an unknown input state ∣Ψi⟩. To certify entanglement of the state, they locally perform a set of weak measurements M{pA,rA}(A) and M{pB,rB}(B), where the measurement strength p and direction r can be adjusted. In this process, they obtain measurement outcomes (±1 for each), which are used for entanglement certification tests (3, 4, and 5); as the measurement back action, the input state changes to another pure state ∣Ψm⟩, which still contains some entanglement. After passing the certification tests, the original entanglement is fully recovered by reversal measurements R{qA,sA}(A) and R{qB,sB}(B), which succeeds probabilistically. As a result of these consecutive measurements, the final state becomes the original entangled state, ∣Ψf⟩ = ∣Ψi⟩, and thus, it can be further harnessed for quantum technologies.