Table 1.

Infections on the surface of sea urchins show a wide range of symptoms.

Disease	Symptoms	Reference
BSUD	Spine loss without lesions	This paper, Clemente et al. (2014), Brink et al. (2019)
Black mouth disease or no name given	Spine loss without lesions	Chi et al. (2022), Tajima et al. (1988)
	Blackish peristomial membrane
BSUD	Lesions on the body surface showing green, pink, red, and purple discoloration	Lafferty et al. (2004), Girard et al. (2011), Brink et al. (2019), Grech et al. (2022), Federico et al. (2023)
	Appendage loss within lesions
BSUD or Spotting disease	Lesions of various colors	Maes and Jangoux (1984a,b), Gilles and Pearse (1986), Roberts-Regan et al. (1988), Becker et al. (2008), Wang et al. (2020)
	Appendage loss within lesions
	Test erosion and body wall perforation
Lesion syndrome disease or no name given	Lesions of various colors	Wang et al. (2013a), Hira and Stensvåg (2022)
	Appendage loss within lesions
	Test erosion and body wall perforation
	Blackish peristomial membrane
Red spotting disease or no name given	Lesions of various colors	Nagelkerken et al. (1999), Virwani et al. (2021)
	Appendage loss within lesions
	Spine loss over some or all of the surface
Red spotting disease	Lesions of various colors	Li et al. (2020)
	Appendage loss within lesions
	Spine loss over some or all of the surface
	Blackish peristomial membrane