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. 2023 May 26;132(1):61–76. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcad069

Table 1.

Flower morphotype and pollination mode assignment from multivariate analysis of floral traits in Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae)

Species Flower morphotype
k = 5
Pollination mode
from k-means
Pollination index
T. thalictroides a Petaloid sepal Insect 3.00
T. aquilegiifolium d Showy stamen Insect 2.71
T. delavayi* Petaloid sepal Insect 2.71
T. rochebrunianum Petaloid sepal Insect 2.71
T. clavatum b Showy stamen Insect 2.57
T. ichangense Showy stamen Insect 2.57
T. petaloideum* Showy stamen Insect 2.57
T. tuberiferum Showy stamen Insect 2.57
T. coreanum Showy stamen Insect 2.43
T. lucidum Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect 2.43
T. flavum d Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect 2.29
T. omeiense Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect 2.29
T. uchiyamae Showy stamen Insect 2.29
T. kiusianum Showy stamen Insect 2.14
T. actaeifolium Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect 2.00
T. alpinum c Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect 2.00
T. pubescens (S)a Staminate Wind 2.00
T. pubescens (H)a Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect
T. elegans Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect 1.86
T. foetidum Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect 1.86
T. isopyroides Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect 1.86
T. minus d Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect 1.86
T. simplex Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect 1.71
T. guatemalense (S) Staminate Wind 1.43
T. guatemalense (H) Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect
T. revolutum (S)a Staminate Wind 1.29
T. revolutum (C)a Carpellate
T. dasycarpum (S) Staminate Wind 1.14
T. dasycarpum (C) Carpellate
T. dioicum (S)c Staminate Wind 1.14
T. dioicum (C)c Carpellate
T. occidentale (S) Staminate Wind 1.14
T. occidentale (C) Carpellate
T. fendleri (S)c Staminate Wind 1.00
T. fendleri (C)c Carpellate
T. hernandezii (S) Staminate Wind 1.00
T. hernandezii (H) Intermediate Wind/ambophily/insect

Field-validated pollination modes are shown in bold (aKaplan and Mulcahy, 1971; bMelampy and Hayworth, 1980; cSteven and Waller, 2004; dGuzmán, 2005).

k-means assignments (k = 5 from PCA) provide new, more defined PI threshold values (thick lines): PI = 1.00–1.29 for wind pollination and PI = 2.57–3.00 for insect pollination. Intermediate values are unresolved. Estimates of PI are from Kaplan and Mulcahy (1971), Soza et al. (2012), Wang et al. (2019) and this study.

*Species with flowers split into more than one cluster were classified by the majority cluster (six of nine for T. delavayi and five of six for T. petaloideum).

For dioecious and andromonoecious species: C, carpellate; H, hermaphroditic; and S, staminate.