Table 9.
Five-Year Total, Annual Average Totala, and Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Ratesb with 95% Confidence Intervals for Children and Adolescents (Ages 0-19 Years), Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors by Histopathology and Age Group at Diagnosis, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2016-2020
| Histopathology | 0-19 Years | 0-4 Years | 5-9 Years | 10-14 Years | 15-19 Years | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate (95% CI) | 5-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate (95% CI) | 5-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate (95% CI) | 5-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate (95% CI) | 5-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate (95% CI) | |
| Diffuse Astrocytic and Oligodendroglial Tumors | 1,907 | 381 | 0.47 (0.45-0.49) | 362 | 72 | 0.37 (0.33-0.41) | 382 | 76 | 0.38 (0.34-0.42) | 512 | 102 | 0.50 (0.45-0.54) | 651 | 130 | 0.62 (0.58-0.67) |
| Diffuse astrocytoma | 808 | 162 | 0.20 (0.18-0.21) | 198 | 40 | 0.20 (0.18-0.23) | 160 | 32 | 0.16 (0.13-0.18) | 205 | 41 | 0.20 (0.17-0.23) | 245 | 49 | 0.23 (0.21-0.27) |
| Anaplastic astrocytoma | 298 | 60 | 0.07 (0.07-0.08) | 43 | 9 | 0.04 (0.03-0.06) | 66 | 13 | 0.07 (0.05-0.08) | 84 | 17 | 0.08 (0.07-0.10) | 105 | 21 | 0.10 (0.08-0.12) |
| Glioblastoma | 642 | 128 | 0.16 (0.15-0.17) | 99 | 20 | 0.10 (0.08-0.12) | 136 | 27 | 0.14 (0.11-0.16) | 191 | 38 | 0.18 (0.16-0.21) | 216 | 43 | 0.21 (0.18-0.24) |
| Oligodendroglioma | 125 | 25 | 0.03 (0.03-0.04) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 28 | 6 | 0.03 (0.02-0.04) | 71 | 14 | 0.07 (0.05-0.09) |
| Anaplastic oligodendroglioma | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oligoastrocytic tumors | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Other Astrocytic Tumors | 4,456 | 891 | 1.10 (1.07-1.13) | 1,364 | 273 | 1.39 (1.32-1.46) | 1,250 | 250 | 1.24 (1.17-1.31) | 1,098 | 220 | 1.06 (1.00-1.13) | 744 | 149 | 0.71 (0.66-0.76) |
| Pilocytic astrocytoma | 3,963 | 793 | 0.98 (0.95-1.01) | 1,268 | 254 | 1.29 (1.22-1.36) | 1,126 | 225 | 1.11 (1.05-1.18) | 939 | 188 | 0.91 (0.85-0.97) | 630 | 126 | 0.60 (0.56-0.65) |
| Unique astrocytoma variants | 493 | 99 | 0.12 (0.11-0.13) | 96 | 19 | 0.10 (0.08-0.12) | 124 | 25 | 0.12 (0.10-0.15) | 159 | 32 | 0.15 (0.13-0.18) | 114 | 23 | 0.11 (0.09-0.13) |
| Malignant | 215 | 43 | 0.05 (0.05-0.06) | -- | -- | -- | 42 | 8 | 0.04 (0.03-0.06) | 82 | 16 | 0.08 (0.06-0.10) | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | 278 | 56 | 0.07 (0.06-0.08) | -- | -- | -- | 82 | 16 | 0.08 (0.06-0.10) | 77 | 15 | 0.08 (0.06-0.09) | -- | -- | -- |
| Ependymal Tumors | 1,151 | 230 | 0.28 (0.27-0.30) | 448 | 90 | 0.46 (0.42-0.50) | 214 | 43 | 0.21 (0.19-0.24) | 231 | 46 | 0.22 (0.20-0.25) | 258 | 52 | 0.25 (0.22-0.28) |
| Malignant | 926 | 185 | 0.23 (0.21-0.24) | 431 | 86 | 0.44 (0.40-0.48) | 187 | 37 | 0.19 (0.16-0.21) | 163 | 33 | 0.16 (0.13-0.18) | 145 | 29 | 0.14 (0.12-0.16) |
| Non-Malignant | 225 | 45 | 0.05 (0.05-0.06) | 17 | 3 | 0.02 (0.01-0.03) | 27 | 5 | 0.03 (0.02-0.04) | 68 | 14 | 0.07 (0.05-0.08) | 113 | 23 | 0.11 (0.09-0.13) |
| Other Gliomas | 3,193 | 639 | 0.79 (0.76-0.82) | 902 | 180 | 0.92 (0.86-0.98) | 1,008 | 202 | 1.00 (0.94-1.06) | 782 | 156 | 0.76 (0.71-0.81) | 501 | 100 | 0.48 (0.44-0.52) |
| Glioma malignant, NOS | 3,167 | 633 | 0.78 (0.75-0.81) | 893 | 179 | 0.91 (0.85-0.97) | 1,002 | 200 | 0.99 (0.93-1.06) | 775 | 155 | 0.75 (0.70-0.81) | 497 | 99 | 0.47 (0.43-0.52) |
| Other neuroepithelial tumors | 26 | 5 | 0.01 (0.00-0.01) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Neuronal and Mixed Neuronal-Glial Tumors | 2,087 | 417 | 0.51 (0.49-0.53) | 360 | 72 | 0.37 (0.33-0.41) | 377 | 75 | 0.37 (0.34-0.41) | 658 | 132 | 0.64 (0.59-0.69) | 692 | 138 | 0.66 (0.61-0.71) |
| Malignant | 123 | 25 | 0.03 (0.03-0.04) | 36 | 7 | 0.04 (0.03-0.05) | 20 | 4 | 0.02 (0.01-0.03) | 28 | 6 | 0.03 (0.02-0.04) | 39 | 8 | 0.04 (0.03-0.05) |
| Non-Malignant | 1,964 | 393 | 0.48 (0.46-0.50) | 324 | 65 | 0.33 (0.30-0.37) | 357 | 71 | 0.35 (0.32-0.39) | 630 | 126 | 0.61 (0.56-0.66) | 653 | 131 | 0.62 (0.58-0.67) |
| Choroid Plexus Tumors | 395 | 79 | 0.10 (0.09-0.11) | 253 | 51 | 0.26 (0.23-0.30) | 44 | 9 | 0.04 (0.03-0.06) | 54 | 11 | 0.05 (0.04-0.07) | 44 | 9 | 0.04 (0.03-0.06) |
| Malignant | 94 | 19 | 0.02 (0.02-0.03) | 80 | 16 | 0.08 (0.07-0.10) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | 301 | 60 | 0.07 (0.07-0.08) | 173 | 35 | 0.18 (0.15-0.21) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Tumors of The Pineal Region | 206 | 41 | 0.05 (0.04-0.06) | 52 | 10 | 0.05 (0.04-0.07) | 49 | 10 | 0.05 (0.04-0.06) | 44 | 9 | 0.04 (0.03-0.06) | 61 | 12 | 0.06 (0.04-0.07) |
| Malignant | 172 | 34 | 0.04 (0.04-0.05) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 44 | 9 | 0.04 (0.03-0.06) |
| Non-Malignant | 34 | 7 | 0.01 (0.01-0.01) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 17 | 3 | 0.02 (0.01-0.03) |
| Embryonal Tumors | 2,266 | 453 | 0.56 (0.54-0.58) | 1,008 | 202 | 1.03 (0.97-1.10) | 689 | 138 | 0.68 (0.63-0.74) | 379 | 76 | 0.37 (0.33-0.41) | 190 | 38 | 0.18 (0.16-0.21) |
| Medulloblastoma | 1,590 | 318 | 0.39 (0.37-0.41) | 480 | 96 | 0.49 (0.45-0.53) | 610 | 122 | 0.60 (0.56-0.65) | 339 | 68 | 0.33 (0.29-0.37) | 161 | 32 | 0.15 (0.13-0.18) |
| Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor | 356 | 71 | 0.09 (0.08-0.10) | 311 | 62 | 0.32 (0.29-0.36) | 25 | 5 | 0.02 (0.02-0.04) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| All other embryonal | 320 | 64 | 0.08 (0.07-0.09) | 217 | 43 | 0.22 (0.19-0.25) | 54 | 11 | 0.05 (0.04-0.07) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Tumors of Cranial and Spinal Nerves | 1,031 | 206 | 0.25 (0.24-0.27) | 170 | 34 | 0.17 (0.15-0.20) | 137 | 27 | 0.14 (0.11-0.16) | 258 | 52 | 0.25 (0.22-0.28) | 466 | 93 | 0.45 (0.41-0.49) |
| Nerve sheath tumors | -- | -- | -- | 170 | 34 | 0.17 (0.15-0.20) | 137 | 27 | 0.14 (0.11-0.16) | 258 | 52 | 0.25 (0.22-0.28) | -- | -- | -- |
| Other tumors of cranial and spinal nerves | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Tumors of Meninges | 1,250 | 250 | 0.31 (0.29-0.32) | 222 | 44 | 0.23 (0.20-0.26) | 153 | 31 | 0.15 (0.13-0.18) | 288 | 58 | 0.28 (0.25-0.31) | 587 | 117 | 0.56 (0.52-0.61) |
| Meningiomas | 667 | 133 | 0.16 (0.15-0.18) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 167 | 33 | 0.16 (0.14-0.19) | 362 | 72 | 0.35 (0.31-0.38) |
| Malignant | 19 | 4 | 0.00 (0.00-0.01) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | 648 | 130 | 0.16 (0.15-0.17) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Mesenchymal tumors | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Primary melanocytic lesions | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Lymphomas and Hematopoietic Neoplasms | 122 | 24 | 0.03 (0.02-0.04) | 22 | 4 | 0.02 (0.01-0.03) | 34 | 7 | 0.03 (0.02-0.05) | 27 | 5 | 0.03 (0.02-0.04) | 39 | 8 | 0.04 (0.03-0.05) |
| Lymphoma | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Other hematopoietic neoplasms | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Germ Cell Tumors | 848 | 170 | 0.21 (0.19-0.22) | 104 | 21 | 0.11 (0.09-0.13) | 142 | 28 | 0.14 (0.12-0.17) | 310 | 62 | 0.30 (0.27-0.34) | 292 | 58 | 0.28 (0.25-0.31) |
| Malignant | 760 | 152 | 0.19 (0.17-0.20) | -- | -- | -- | 117 | 23 | 0.12 (0.10-0.14) | 294 | 59 | 0.29 (0.25-0.32) | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | 88 | 18 | 0.02 (0.02-0.03) | -- | -- | -- | 25 | 5 | 0.02 (0.02-0.04) | 16 | 3 | 0.02 (0.01-0.03) | -- | -- | -- |
| Tumors of Sellar Region | 4,635 | 927 | 1.13 (1.09-1.16) | 183 | 37 | 0.19 (0.16-0.22) | 600 | 120 | 0.60 (0.55-0.65) | 989 | 198 | 0.95 (0.89-1.01) | 2,863 | 573 | 2.74 (2.64-2.84) |
| Tumors of the pituitary | 3,872 | 774 | 0.94 (0.91-0.97) | 44 | 9 | 0.04 (0.03-0.06) | 325 | 65 | 0.32 (0.29-0.36) | 786 | 157 | 0.75 (0.70-0.81) | 2,717 | 543 | 2.60 (2.50-2.70) |
| Craniopharyngioma | 763 | 153 | 0.19 (0.18-0.20) | 139 | 28 | 0.14 (0.12-0.17) | 275 | 55 | 0.27 (0.24-0.31) | 203 | 41 | 0.20 (0.17-0.23) | 146 | 29 | 0.14 (0.12-0.16) |
| Unclassified Tumors | 1,452 | 290 | 0.36 (0.34-0.38) | 345 | 69 | 0.35 (0.32-0.39) | 271 | 54 | 0.27 (0.24-0.30) | 361 | 72 | 0.35 (0.31-0.39) | 475 | 95 | 0.45 (0.41-0.50) |
| Hemangioma | 485 | 97 | 0.12 (0.11-0.13) | 79 | 16 | 0.08 (0.06-0.10) | 79 | 16 | 0.08 (0.06-0.10) | 121 | 24 | 0.12 (0.10-0.14) | 206 | 41 | 0.20 (0.17-0.23) |
| Neoplasm, unspecified | 784 | 157 | 0.19 (0.18-0.21) | 181 | 36 | 0.19 (0.16-0.21) | 155 | 31 | 0.15 (0.13-0.18) | 211 | 42 | 0.20 (0.18-0.23) | 237 | 47 | 0.23 (0.20-0.26) |
| Malignant | 225 | 45 | 0.06 (0.05-0.06) | 79 | 16 | 0.08 (0.06-0.10) | 48 | 10 | 0.05 (0.04-0.06) | 46 | 9 | 0.04 (0.03-0.06) | 52 | 10 | 0.05 (0.04-0.07) |
| Non-Malignant | 559 | 112 | 0.14 (0.13-0.15) | 102 | 20 | 0.10 (0.09-0.13) | 107 | 21 | 0.11 (0.09-0.13) | 165 | 33 | 0.16 (0.14-0.19) | 185 | 37 | 0.18 (0.15-0.20) |
| All other | 183 | 37 | 0.05 (0.04-0.05) | 85 | 17 | 0.09 (0.07-0.11) | 37 | 7 | 0.04 (0.03-0.05) | 29 | 6 | 0.03 (0.02-0.04) | 32 | 6 | 0.03 (0.02-0.04) |
| Malignant | 45 | 9 | 0.01 (0.01-0.01) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | 138 | 28 | 0.03 (0.03-0.04) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TOTAL c | 24,999 | 5,000 | 6.13 (6.06-6.21) | 5,795 | 1,159 | 5.92 (5.77-6.07) | 5,350 | 1,070 | 5.30 (5.16-5.45) | 5,991 | 1,198 | 5.79 (5.65-5.94) | 7,863 | 1,573 | 7.51 (7.34-7.68) |
| Malignant | 13,888 | 2,778 | 3.42 (3.36-3.48) | 4,219 | 844 | 4.31 (4.18-4.44) | 3,680 | 736 | 3.65 (3.53-3.77) | 3,310 | 662 | 3.21 (3.10-3.32) | 2,679 | 536 | 2.56 (2.46-2.66) |
| Non-Malignant | 11,111 | 2,222 | 2.71 (2.66-2.76) | 1,576 | 315 | 1.61 (1.54-1.70) | 1,670 | 334 | 1.66 (1.58-1.74) | 2,681 | 536 | 2.59 (2.49-2.69) | 5,184 | 1,034 | 4.95 (4.82-5.09) |
aAnnual average cases are calculated by dividing the five-year total by five.
bRates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.
c Refers to all brain tumors including histopathologies not presented in this table.
- Counts and rates are not presented when fewer than 16 cases were reported for the specific category. The suppressed cases are included in the counts and rates for totals.
Abbreviations: CBTRUS, Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States; NPCR, National Program of Cancer Registries; SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; CI, confidence interval; NOS, not otherwise specified