Table 1. Domain’s variables used in the GA evaluation. *The cut-off value for educational groups was: 20 for illiterates; 25 for 1 to 4 years; 26.5 for 5 to 8 years; 28 for 9 to 11 years and 29 for higher levels [11]. #Score has to be adjusted to educational: for illiterates sum of two points, 1–3 years sum of one point (final score max of ten points) [12].

Domain	Measure	Description	Range of score	Adopted standard
Functional status	Activities of daily living (ADL) (Katz Scale) [10]	Measure performance basic activities of living, including self-care ability.	0–6 (higher score: better physical function)	Normal: score > 4 Impaired: score < 4
	Instrumental ADL (Lawton Scale) [11]	Measure ability to maintain independence in the community, manage the environment.	3–27 (higher score: better physical function)	Normal: score >25 Impaired: <25
Cognition status	Mini Mental State Examination [12]	Screening test to detect cognitive impairment based on assessment of cognitive functions.	0–30 (higher score: better cognitive function)	The cut-off value is based on educational level*
	10-point cognitive screener [13]	Brief screening test to detect cognitive impairment based on assessment of cognitive functions.	0–10 (higher score: better cognitive function)	Normal: score > 8 Impaired: score < 8 Score adjusted to educational level#
Psychological state	15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) [14]	15-item self-report measure designed to assess and screen depressive symptoms among older adults.	0–15 (higher score: more depressive symptoms)	Normal: score 0–4 Impaired: score > 5
	4-item GDS-4 [15]	4-item self-report measure designed to assess and screen depressive symptoms among older adults.	0–4 (higher score: more depressive symptoms)	Normal: score 0–1 Impaired: score > 2
	Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition [16]	It classifies major depressive disorder based on ≥5 symptoms during a 2-week period		Impaired: Presence of major depressive disorder criteria
Comorbidity	Charlson age-comorbidity index [17]	It considers age and number/severity of comorbidities, calculating the risk of mortality in 1 year	0–37 (higher score: higher mortality). Each decade of age over 40 adds 1 point	Impaired: score > 5
Nutritional status	Mini nutritional assessment short-form [18]	Identity people with undernutrition.	Normal: >12 Risk of malnutrition: <12	Impaired: score < 12
	Body mass index	It is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body and height, and is expressed in units of kg/m2		Impaired: IMC < 22 kg/m2
Frailty	Fried criteria [19]	It assesses physical frailty through five criteria: unintentional weight loss; weakness or poor handgrip strength; self-reported exhaustion; slow walking speed; and low physical activity	Non-frail: 0 Pre-frailty: 1–2 Frailty: >3	Impaired: score > 3
	Study of osteoporotic fracture criteria [20]	Another form to assess frailty, based on weight loss, sit-to-stand chair capacity and reduce energy level.	Non-frail: 0 Pre-frailty: 1 Frailty: >2	Impaired: score > 2
	Rockwood classification [21]	It provides a summary tool for clinicians to assess frailty and fitness based on their clinical evaluation		Impaired: score > 5
Falls	No. of falls in last 12 months	Indicates the number of times fallen in the last 12 months		Normal: None Impaired: >1 falls