Table 3. Factors associated with BC among women in EMM, SA, 2017–2020.
| Characteristics | Controls (n (%)) | Cases (n (%)) | Total (n (%)) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race | |||||||
| Black | 354 (41.6) | 1,382 (62.3) | 1,736 (56.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Asian | 10 (1.2) | 43 (1.9) | 53 (1.7) | 1.11 (0.55‒2.23) | 0.767 | 0.99 (0.49‒2.00) | 0.974 |
| Coloured | 10 (1.2) | 49 (2.2) | 59 (1.9) | 1.26 (0.63‒2.52) | 0.509 | 0.96 (0.49‒2.01) | 0.991 |
| White | 477 (56.1) | 743 (33.5) | 1,220 (39.8) | 0.41 (0.35‒0.49) | <0.001 | 0.35 (0.29‒0.43) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol status | |||||||
| No | 113 (13.3) | 503 (22.7) | 616 (20.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 54 (6.3) | 180 (8.1) | 234 (7.6) | 0.77 (0.53‒1.11) | 0.162 | 1.22 (0.80‒1.85) | 0.347 |
| Smoking status | |||||||
| No | 131 (15.4) | 565 (25.5) | 696 (22.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 56 (6.6) | 182 (8.2) | 238 ( 7.8) | 0.78 (0.54‒1.11) | 0.166 | 1.09 (0.73‒1.63) | 0.676 |
| Employment status | |||||||
| Employed | 74 (8.7) | 188 (8.5) | 262 (8.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Self employed | 13 (1.5) | 13 (0.6) | 26 (0.8) | 0.38 (0.17‒0.85) | 0.019 | 0.41 (0.18‒0.97) | 0.042 |
| Unemployed | 264 (31.0) | 531 (24.0) | 795 (25.9) | 0.85 (0.85‒1.52) | 0.306 | 0.91 (0.65‒1.28) | 0.601 |
| HIV status | |||||||
| Negative | 70 (8.2) | 352 (15.9) | 422 (13.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Positive | 90 (10.6) | 206 (9.3) | 296 (9.6) | 0.41 (0.29‒0.57) | <0.001 | 0.39 (0.27‒0.57) | <0.001 |
OR: odds ratio; aOR: adjusted odds ratio
Bold: statistically significant associations at p ≤ 0.05