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. 2023 Aug 25;17:1593. doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1593

Table 3. Factors associated with BC among women in EMM, SA, 2017–2020.

Characteristics Controls (n (%)) Cases (n (%)) Total (n (%)) OR (95% CI) p-value aOR (95% CI) p-value
Race
Black 354 (41.6) 1,382 (62.3) 1,736 (56.6) 1.00 1.00
Asian 10 (1.2) 43 (1.9) 53 (1.7) 1.11 (0.55‒2.23) 0.767 0.99 (0.49‒2.00) 0.974
Coloured 10 (1.2) 49 (2.2) 59 (1.9) 1.26 (0.63‒2.52) 0.509 0.96 (0.49‒2.01) 0.991
White 477 (56.1) 743 (33.5) 1,220 (39.8) 0.41 (0.35‒0.49) <0.001 0.35 (0.29‒0.43) <0.001
Alcohol status
No 113 (13.3) 503 (22.7) 616 (20.1) 1.00 1.00
Yes 54 (6.3) 180 (8.1) 234 (7.6) 0.77 (0.53‒1.11) 0.162 1.22 (0.80‒1.85) 0.347
Smoking status
No 131 (15.4) 565 (25.5) 696 (22.7) 1.00 1.00
Yes 56 (6.6) 182 (8.2) 238 ( 7.8) 0.78 (0.54‒1.11) 0.166 1.09 (0.73‒1.63) 0.676
Employment status
Employed 74 (8.7) 188 (8.5) 262 (8.5) 1.00 1.00
Self employed 13 (1.5) 13 (0.6) 26 (0.8) 0.38 (0.17‒0.85) 0.019 0.41 (0.18‒0.97) 0.042
Unemployed 264 (31.0) 531 (24.0) 795 (25.9) 0.85 (0.85‒1.52) 0.306 0.91 (0.65‒1.28) 0.601
HIV status
Negative 70 (8.2) 352 (15.9) 422 (13.8) 1.00 1.00
Positive 90 (10.6) 206 (9.3) 296 (9.6) 0.41 (0.29‒0.57) <0.001 0.39 (0.27‒0.57) <0.001

OR: odds ratio; aOR: adjusted odds ratio

Bold: statistically significant associations at p ≤ 0.05