TABLE 6.
Baseline characteristics of prospective study participants in third wave of data collection, by case and comparison families.
| Case families | Comparison/other families+ | |
|---|---|---|
| N | 3203 | 512 |
| Mean age (sd) | 16.2 (3.3) | 15.0 (3.2) |
| % female | 1633 (51.0%) | 270 (52.7%) |
| Race/ethnicity (self‐report) | ||
| Black | 978 (30.5) | 41 (8.0%) |
| White | 1936 (60.4) | 440 (85.9) |
| Hispanic | 410 (12.8%) | 35 (6.8%) |
| Education—highest years of education completed (mean, sd) | 9.9 (2.6) | 9.0 (2.7) |
| Still in school | 2626 (82.0%) | 466 (91.0%) |
| Reared by, ages 12–17: (n, %) | ||
| Both biological parents | 1546 (48.5) | 410 (80.2) |
| Bio mom | 1132 (35.5) | 60 (11.7) |
| Bio dad | 133 (4.2) | 13 (2.5) |
| Other rearing circumstances | 374 (11.7) | 28 (5.5) |
| Substance use (n, %) | ||
| Ever had a drink | 1592 (49.7) | 148 (28.9) |
| Mean age first drink (sd) | 15.0 (2.5) | 15.4 (2.6) |
| Ever intoxicated | 1238 (38.7) | 97 (19.0) |
| Mean age first intoxication (sd) | 15.8 (2.2) | 16.4 (2.1) |
| Ever had a cigarette | 915 (28.6) | 66 (12.9) |
| Smoked 100+ cigarettes | 581 (18.1) | 27 (5.3) |
| Ever used cannabis | 1147 (35.8) | 75 (14.6) |
| Mean age first cannabis use (sd) | 14.9 (2.5) | 15.5 (2.6) |
| Ever used cocaine | 218 (6.8) | 12 (2.3) |
| Ever used other stimulants | 146 (4.6) | 8 (1.6) |
| Ever used sedatives | 179 (5.6) | 12 (2.3) |
| Ever used opiates | 208 (6.5) | 9 (1.8) |
| DSM‐4 substance dependence (n, %) | ||
| Alcohol | 133 (4.2) | 7 (1.4) |
| Cannabis | 217 (6.8) | 10 (2.0) |
| Cocaine | 35 (1.1) | 1 (0.2) |
| Other stimulants | 41 (1.3) | 0 |
| Opiates | 20 (0.6) | 0 |
| Sedatives | 12 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) |
| Tobacco | 277 (8.6) | 13 (2.5) |
| Non substance diagnoses: (n, %) (DSM‐4) | ||
| Major depression | 473 (14.8) | 47 (9.1) |
| Panic | 32 (1.0) | 4 (0.8) |
| Agoraphobia | 39 (1.2) | 0 |
| Social phobia | 53 (1.7) | 5 (1.0) |
| Conduct disorder | 225 (7.0) | 17 (3.3) |
| ASPD | 120 (3.7) | 7 (1.4) |
| ADHD | 110 (3.4) | 11 (2.2) |
| ODD | 141 (4.4) | 7 (1.4) |
| OCD | 12 (0.4) | 0 |
| PTSD | 45 (1.4) | 3 (0.6) |
| Suicide attempt | 99 (3.1) | 10 (2.0) |