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. 2023 Oct 4;13:16690. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43628-3

Table 2.

Associations between the different SES parameters and Power generation- PM2.5/Nighttime Luminosity in fully-adjusted models, mutually adjusted for other SES parameters.

Power-PM2.5/nighttime luminosity
All Urban Rural
Fully-adjusted Fully-adjusted Fully-adjusted
SC household heads 1.172 (− 5.952, 8.322) 0.450 (− 0.455, 1.350) 6.872 (− 3.544, 17.348)
ST household heads 15.187* (3.829, 26.539) 0.268 (− 1.140, 1.658) 15.030 (− 1.168, 31.281)
OBC household heads  − 4.086 (− 12.953, 4.848) 1.046 (− 0.098, 2.184)  − 0.673 (− 13.395, 12.173)
Muslim household heads 2.020 (− 4.257, 8.279) 0.793 (− 0.023, 1.619) 3.599 (− 5.608, 12.806)
Female household heads 5.660 (− 2.677, 13.927) 1.300* (0.372, 2.251) 16.877* (5.150, 28.523)
Poor 15.970* (3.459, 28.629) 0.131 (− 1.161, 1.423) 11.271 (− 6.141, 28.929)
Households BPL with ration cards 5.986 (− 3.414, 15.402)  − 0.379 (− 1.530, 0.783) 1.695 (− 10.861, 14.242)
Households with improved sanitation 15.149* (4.192, 26.067) 0.049 (− 0.995, 1.096) 7.673 (− 6.679, 22.013)
Households with safe drinking water  − 10.934* (− 17.147, − 4.810)  − 0.593 (− 1.431, 0.202)  − 10.409* (− 19.149, − 1.772)
Electrified households  − 35.462* (− 44.226, − 26.649)  − 0.723 (− 1.778, 0.322)  − 43.548* (− 55.770, − 31.290)
Households using solid fuels 5.500 (− 5.989, 16.950) 0.826 (− 0.302, 2.009) 7.469 (− 4.100, 19.034)
Uneducated household heads 6.741 (− 1.969, 15.405)  − 1.443* (− 2.568, − 0.367) 2.545 (− 8.931, 13.918)
Household heads with college education 3.885 (− 2.864, 10.673)  − 0.132 (− 1.017, 0.745) 1.379 (− 6.930, 9.761)
Mothers married young  − 24.767* (− 34.838, − 14.605) 0.645 (− 0.508, 1.770)  − 27.978* (− 41.578, − 14.288)
Underweight mothers  − 18.777* (− 27.696, − 9.840)  − 0.759 (− 1.840, 0.294)  − 17.476* (− 113.368, − 86.483)

We also display associations from fully-adjusted models disaggregated by urban/rural.

*(p < 0.05).