TABLE 3.
Within‐person and between‐person changes in constructs.
| Variable | Baseline (n = 60) | 12 weeks (n = 52) | Within‐person changes baseline to 12 weeks | 24 weeks—Yoga (n = 24) | 24 weeks—CON (n = 27) | Between‐group adjusted effects at 24 weeks controlling for baseline and 12 weeks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lapse types | ||||||
| Ate past point of feeling full a | 3.17 (3.51) | 1.17 (1.80) | OR = 0.37 (0.28‐0.49) | 0.58 (1,13) | 2.44 (3.92) | OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18‐0.85 |
| Ate more than usual a | 3.41 (3.16) | 2.21 (2.02) | OR = 0.63 (0.50‐0.79). | 1.21 (1.32) | 3.33 (4.09) | OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29‐0.92 |
| Unplanned eating a | 4.17 (4.51) | 2.10 (2.83) | OR = 0.52 (0.41‐0.64) | 2.08 (3.41) | 3.33 (3.49) | ns |
| Self‐identified overeating | 2.19 (1.72) | 1.66 (1.39) | b = −0.52 (0.05), p < 0.01 | 1.60 (6.03) | 2.08 (1.82) | b = −0.43, SE = 0.11, p < 0.001 |
| Difficulty stopping eating | 2.18 (1.74) | 1.71 (1.44) | b = −0.47 (0.06), p < 0.01 | 1.64 (1.35) | 2.06 (1.69) | b = −0.28, SE = 0.11, p = 0.01 |
| Loss of control when eating | 2.08 (1.64) | 1.67 (1.39) | b = −0.42 (0.05), p < 0.01 | 1.62 (1.34) | 2.04 (1.64) | b = −0.25, SE = 0.08, p < 0.001 |
| Inability to resist dietary temptations a | 9.12 (6.79) | 4.50 (3.83) | OR = 0.46 (0.36‐0.58) | 4.96 (5.11) | 5.67 (5.14) | ns |
| Lapse triggers | ||||||
| Anxiety | 2.30 (1.77) | 2.18 (1.82) | b = −0.12 (0.04), p = 0.02 | 2.03 (1.65) | 2.03 (1.58) | b = −0.30, SE = 0.10, p = 0.003 |
| Stress | 2.53 (1.84) | 2.47 (1.94) | b = −0.06, p = 0.01, p = 0.04 | 2.48 (1.94) | 2.29 (1.71) | b = −0.28, SE = 0.07, p < 0.01 |
| Affect | 7.85 (6.47) | 8.29 (4.26) | b = 0.44 (0.15), p < 0.01 | 7.98 (1.03) | 8.48 (1.82) | b = 0.67, SE = 0.18, p < 0.001 |
| Dietary temptation a | 30.90 (10.40) | 36.60 (8.51) | OR = 0.60 (0.52‐0.68) | 37.00 (9.27) | 39.60 (6.94) | OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48‐0.94 |
| Food craving | 2.73 (2.02) | 2.59 (1.93) | b = −0.14 (0.05), p = 0.01 | 2.59 (1.98) | 2.43 (1.86) | ns |
| Reasons for eating | ||||||
| Hunger | 5.79 (1.54) | 6.10 (1.39) | b = 0.31 (0.05), p < 0.01 | 6.07 (1.36) | 5.74 (1.77) | ns |
| Stressed | 2.08 (1.62) | 1.61 (1.22) | b = −0.47 (0.05), p < 0.01 | 1.53 (1.17) | 2.02 (1.52) | b = −0.21, SE = 0.07, p 0.002 |
| Scheduled time | 5.41 (1.98) | 5.34 (2.06) | b = −0.08 (0.04), p = 0.04 | 5.11 (2.21) | 5.25 (2.18) | ns |
| Couldn't resist | 3.46 (2.21) | 3.04 (2.25) | b = −0.41 (0.08), p < 0.01 | 2.97 (2.29) | 3.01 (2.23) | ns |
| To feel better | 3.69 (2.07) | 3.62 (2.20) | b = 0.06 (0.007), p < 0.01 | 3.98 (2.30) | 3.22 (2.09) | b = −0.68, SE = 0.12, p < 0.01 |
| Reward‐driven | 3.55 (2.06) | 3.60 (2.27) | ns | 3.30 (2.24) | 3.21 (2.22) | ns |
Note: ns = not significant (p > 0.05). b(SE) reported for continuous outcomes (b = unstandardized regression coefficients, SE = standard error). OR(95% Confidence Interval) reported for binary outcomes. Note, these are cross‐sectional means at each time point and do not reflect within‐person changes in constructs. These means are presented for the full description of the study sample.
a
The mean (SD) number of occurrences over the 10‐day EMA period.