Figure 10.

Both DR4 and DR5 receptors regulate primary human macrophage polarization. M0 macrophages were stimulated with 200 ng/ml DR4 or DR5 specific ligands or co-stimulated with DR4 and DR5 specific ligands for 8 hours. For polarization, macrophages were pre-stimulated with only DR4 or only DR5 specific ligands or together with DR4 and DR5 specific ligands for 2 hours and then polarized into M2a (20 ng/ml IL-4) or M2c (10 ng/ml IL-10) for 6 hours. Control groups were left unstimulated or stimulated with only M2a or M2c polarization factors for 6 hours. qPCR analyses of M1 and M2 markers in (A) M0, (B) M2a, and (C) M2c macrophage subtypes were shown. Data shown are mean ± SEM or median with interquartile range pooled from two independent experiments [(A) n=5-6, (B) n=5, (C) n=4-5]. Statistical analyses were performed with a One-way ANOVA with Dunnet’s multiple comparisons post-hoc test, or Friedman with Dunn’s multiple comparisons post-hoc test between control and treated groups, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. ns, non-significant.