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. 2023 Sep 21;14:1209249. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209249

Figure 2.

Figure 2

TRAIL increases the differential expression of M1 markers while decreasing the expression of M2 markers in primary human M0, M2a, and M2c macrophage subtypes. M0 macrophages were stimulated with 200 ng/ml TRAIL for 8 hours. For polarization, macrophages were pre-stimulated with TRAIL for 2 hours and then polarized into M1 (100 ng/ml LPS and 20 ng/ml IFNγ), M2a (20 ng/ml IL-4), or M2c (10 ng/ml IL-10) for 6 hours. Control groups were left unstimulated (UT) or stimulated with only M1, M2a, or M2c polarization factors for 6 hours (n=3-4). Differential gene expression was analyzed by RNA sequencing. (A) PCA plot of transcriptomic profiles of TRAIL-treated and control macrophage subtypes were shown. Selected M1 and M2 markers in each macrophage subtype were shown as (B) heat maps and (C) volcano plots comparing TRAIL-treated and control macrophages. (D) KEGG analysis on differentially expressed genes (FDR value ≤0.05, log2FC value ≥ 0.6/FC ≥ 1.5) comparing TRAIL-treated and control macrophages was shown and the top 10 significant pathways were indicated for each subtype. Data were z-score normalized for heatmaps. D, Donor.