Skip to main content
. 2023 Sep 21;14:1213784. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1213784

TABLE 4.

SPSI-R sensitivity to detect change in problem-solving skills over time between participants in the intervention and comparison groups.

SPSI-R version SPSI-R scales Intervention
(PSST, N = 543)		 Comparison
(UPC/NDS, N = 279)		 ANOVA p-value Δ2
T1
M (SD) 		T2
M (SD) 		MΔ
T1-T2 		T1
M (SD) 		T2
M (SD) 		MΔ
T1-T2
SPSI-R 52-items
(possible range)		 SPSI-R total (0–20) 13.63 (2.67) 14.58 (2.51) 0.95 13.59 (2.46) 13.73 (2.50) 0.14 <0.001 0.04
PPO (0–20) 11.93 (3.95) 12.66 (3.92) 0.73 11.70 (3.69) 11.77 (3.68) 0.07 0.013 0.01
NPO (0–40) 11.66 (7.68) 8.52 (6.57) −3.14 11.85 (7.69) 11.08 (7.67) −0.77 <0.001 0.03
ICS (0–40) 8.34 (6.54) 7.15 (5.48) −1.19 8.61 (6.42) 7.99 (6.31) −0.62 0.153 0.00
AS (0–28) 6.17 (4.89) 5.06 (4.18) −1.11 6.24 (4.67) 6.16 (4.66) −0.08 0.001 0.01
RPS (0–80) 42.48 (14.75) 46.69 (15.27) 4.21 43.72 (13.37) 43.30 (13.46) −0.42 <0.001 0.03
SPSI-R 25-items
(possible range)		 SPSI-R total (0–20) 12.80 (2.74) 13.66 (2.56) 0.86 13.59 (2.54) 13.79 (2.61) 0.20 <0.001 0.03
PPO (0–20) 11.93 (3.95) 12.66 (3.92) 0.73 11.70 (3.69) 11.77 (3.68) 0.07 0.013 0.01
NPO (0–20) 6.52 (4.13) 4.69 (3.45) −1.83 6.72 (4.07) 6.04 (3.96) −0.68 <0.001 0.02
ICS (0–20) 4.57 (3.54) 3.96 (3.24) −0.61 4.62 (3.50) 4.35 (3.40) −0.27 0.132 0.00
AS (0–20) 3.66 (3.76) 2.84 (3.16) −0.82 3.72 (3.67) 3.66 (3.60) −0.06 0.002 0.01
RPS (0–20) 11.14 (4.12) 12.01 (4.13) 0.87 11.26 (3.79) 11.23 (3.80) −0.03 0.001 0.01

AS, avoidance style; ICS, Impulsivity/Carelessness Style; M, mean; MΔ, difference in average score from T1-T2; NDS, non-directive support; NPO, negative problem orientation; PPO, positive problem orientation; PSST, problem-solving skills training; RPS, rational problem-solving; SD, standard deviation; SPSI-R, Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised; η2, partial eta squared.