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. 2023 Sep 21;17:1230082. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1230082

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Copyright © 2023 Lang, Kahnau, Hohlbaum, Mieske, Andresen, Boon, Thöne-Reineke, Lewejohann and Diederich.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Four-step lockboxes. Food rewards are hidden and blocked by the green elements, which are again blocked by a chain of interconnected mechanisms. To solve the mechanism, the mouse needs to (1) flip the yellow lever, (2) pull the red stick, (3) remove the gray ball/cube and (4) move the green door to uncover the reward. Parts can be created using a 3D printer. Each lockbox has a size of about 22 cm x 16 cm. (A) Lockbox with sliding door (B) Lockbox with rotating disk (C) C57BL6/J mouse with opened 3D-printed lockbox (A). Photograph by Katharina Hohlbaum.