Table 1.

Behavioral tests across cognitive domains and corresponding structural correlates.

Cognitive domain	Behavioral test	Main structural correlates	Example references
Semantic memory	Object recognition, (non)matching-to sample, reversal learning, contextual fear conditioning	Prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, perirhinal cortex, visual cortex	Ennaceur and Delacour (1988), Curzon et al. (2009), Leger et al. (2013), and Goltstein et al. (2021)
Episodic-like memory	Delayed-(non)matching-to-sample task, What-Where-When (Which) task, spatial navigation	Hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala	Barnes (1979), Morris (1981, 2001), Robinson and Crawley (1993), Vorhees and Williams (2006), DeVito and Eichenbaum (2010), and Davis et al. (2013)
Associative learning/memory	Passive avoidance, active avoidance, fear conditioning, classical and operant conditioning	Hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, frontal motor areas, striatum	Van der Poel (1967), Schleyer et al. (2018), and Van Gurp et al. (2020)
Procedural memory	Motor-skill-learning, operant conditioning, procedural T-maze task	Cerebellum, striatum	Dere et al. (2008), Cayzac et al. (2011), and Willis et al. (2017)
Executive function	Set-shifting tasks, reversal learning, Go/No-go task, delayed alternation, prepulse inhibition, five-choice serial reaction time task	Prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, amygdala	Kesner and Churchwell (2011), Bizon et al. (2012), Endo et al. (2012), Mar et al. (2013), Shepard et al. (2017), and Sable et al. (2021)