Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the mother–infant pairs in the three groups.
| Total(n=199) | SGA(n=63) | AGA(n=87) | LGA(n=49) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal information | |||||
| Maternal age (years) | 29.9 ± 3.8 | 28.9 ± 3.8 | 30.6 ± 3.8 | 29.4 ± 3.8 | 0.005* |
| Delivery mode (SVD/CS), n (%) | 100(50.2%)/99(49.8%) | 48(76.2%)/15(23.8%) | 37(42.5%)/50(57.5%) | 15(30.6%)/34(69.4%) | <0.001*** |
| Prepregnancy maternal body mass index, mean ± SD | 21.2 ± 2.9 | 20.3 ± 2.5 | 21.0 ± 2.8 | 22.6 ± 3.3 | <0.001*** |
| Weight gain during pregnancy | 13.2 ± 4.4 | 12.3 ± 4.3 | 12.7 ± 4.4 | 15.5 ± 3.9 | <0.001*** |
| Neonatal information | |||||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 38.8 ± 1.06 | 38.7 ± 1.1 | 38.7 ± 1.0 | 39.2 ± 0.9 | 0.005* |
| Gender (male/female), n (%) | 96(48.2%)/103(51.8%) | 34(54%)/29(46%) | 35(40%)/52(60%) | 27(55%)/22(45%) | 0.136 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3120(2750,3760) | 2650(2480,2790) | 3200(2930,3420) | 4010(3870,4265) | <0.001*** |
| Birth length (cm) | 49.4 ± 2.2 | 47.4 ± 1.6 | 49.4 ± 1.3 | 51.9 ± 1.3 | <0.001*** |
| Cord blood metabolic measures | |||||
| vitamin A (ng/ml) | 229.6 ± 67.4 | 214.3 ± 58.1 | 226.0 ± 65.5 | 255.5 ± 75.3 | 0.004* |
| vitamin D (ng/ml) | 19.7 ± 8.0 | 19.9 ± 8.8 | 19.2 ± 8.0 | 20.3 ± 7.2 | 0.711 |
| vitamin E (ng/ml) | 2196.0 ± 600.6 | 2388.0 ± 649.9 | 2069.6 ± 516.2 | 2176.2 ± 622.6 | 0.005* |
Data presented are medians, mean ± SD for continuous variables, n (%) for categorical variables, and interquartile range for skewed distributions. The p-values are from One-way ANOVA for differences in means for continuous variables or chi-square tests for differences in proportions for categorical variables groups. Values in bold are significant at p < 0.05.SVD, spontaneous vaginal delivery; CS, cesarean section. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.