Table 2.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Study | Animal species, sex, weight (g) | Model | Injury to muscimol administration (days) | Dose (ng) | Administration site | Treatment to pain | Pain type | N Treateda |
N Non-treated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dias and Prado [39] | Rat, Wistar, M, 140–160 | SNL, SNL and SCI | 2, 7 | 300 | Intrathecal | 15, 30, 60, 90 | Mechanical allodynia | 5 | 5 |
| Gwak et al. [40] | Rat, SD, M, 200–250 | SCI | 21 | 1,000 | Intrathecal | 30, 120, 180 | Mechanical allodynia | 5 | 5 |
| Hama and Sagen [22] | Rat, SD, M, 100–150 | SCI | 21 | 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 | Intrathecal | 30, 60, 90, 120 | Mechanical allodynia | 7 | 7 |
| Hosseini et al. [23] | Rat, Wistar, M, 140–160 | SCI | 21 | 10, 100, 1,000 | Intrathecal | 15, 60, 180 | Thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia | 10 | 10 |
| Hosseini et al. [24] | Rat, Wistar, M, 140–160 | SCI | 24 | 10 | Intrathecal | 15, 60 | Mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia | 10 | 10 |
| Hwang and Yaksh [41] | Rat, SD, M, 120–150 | SNL | 7 | 100, 300, 1,000 | Intrathecal | 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180 | Mechanical allodynia | 5-6 | 5-6 |
| Jeon et al. [25] | Rat, SD, N/R, 200–250 | CCI | 14 | 100, 300, 1,000, 1.71, 3.42, 1,711 | Intrathecal, Intraplantar | 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120 | Mechanical allodynia | 6 | 6 |
| Jiang et al. [31] | Rat, SD, M, 150–180 | SNL | 7 | 25 | Intra-CeA | 30 | Mechanical allodynia | 14 | 14 |
| LaGraize and Fuchs [42] | Rat, SD, M, 3–4 mo | SNL | 3 | 1, 100, 500 | Intra rostral anterior cingulate cortex | 35 | Mechanical allodynia | 8 | 10 |
| Lee et al. [26] | Rat, SD, M, 150–200 | Caudal trunk nerve cut | 14 | 1,000 | Intrathecal | 30 | Mechanical allodynia | 7 | 5 |
| Lee et al. [27] | Rat, SD, M, 180–200 | CCI | 7 | 570 | Intrathecal | 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 | Mechanical allodynia | 8 | 10 |
| Moon et al. [28] | Rat, SD, M, 250–300 | SCI | 14 | 570, 1,140, 1,700 | ZI | 60 | Mechanical hyperalgesia | 10 | 10 |
| Moon and Park [29] | Rat, SD, M, 250–300 | CCI | 10 | 285, 2,830 | ZI | 120 | Mechanical allodynia | 10 | 10 |
| Nasirinezhad et al. [43] | Rat, Wistar, M, 140–160 | SCI | 24 | 10, 100, 1,000 | Intrathecal | 15, 60, 180 | Mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia | 8 | 8 |
| Pedersen et al. [30] | Rat, SD, M, 180–200 | CCI | 14 | 20, 50 | CeA | 30 | Mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia | 8 | 6 |
| Rashid and Ueda [32] | Mice, ddY, M, 25–30 | CCI | 0 | 3.42, 11.4, 34.2 | Intrathecal | 60 | Mechanical allodynia | 6 | 6 |
| Rode et al. [33] | Rat, SD, M, 250 | SNI | 0 | Sub-cutaneous | 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 | Mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia | 6 | 6 | |
| Sadeghi et al. [34] | Rat, Wistar, M, 200–250 | CCI | 14 | 112,500, 225,000, 450,000 | Intra-peritoneal | 30 | Thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia | 8 | 8 |
| Seno et al. [35] | Rat, Wistar, M, 180–200 | CCI | 14 | 500 | CeA, BLA | 30 | Mechanical hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia | 8 | 5 |
| Wei et al. [36] | Rat, Hannover-Wistar, M, 180–250 | CCI | 4 | 100, 300 | Hypothalamus A11 | 15, 30, 60 | Mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia | 5-6 | 6 |
| Yowtak et al. [37] | Mice, GAD67-EGFP, M, N/R | CCI | 4 | 50, 100 | Intrathecal | 30, 60, 90, 120 | Mechanical allodynia | 8 | 8 |
| Zarrindast and Mahmoudi [38] | Mice, albino NMRI, M, 20–25 | SNI | 14 | 10,000, 20,000, 40,000 | Intra-peritoneal | 75 | Thermal hyperalgesia | 8 | 8 |
SNL: sciatic nerve ligation, SCI: spinal cord injury, CCI: chronic compression injury, SNI: sciatic nerve injury, CeA: central nuclei of the amygdala, ZI: zona incerta, BLA: basolateral nuclei of the amygdala, N/R: not recorded.
aThe number of animals was reported as number of animals per each treated group. Some studies had several experimental groups according to dose of muscimol, site of administration and model of pain induction.