Table 5.

Association between dietary and socio-demographic characteristics with GDQS, multiple linear regression

(95 % confidence intervals)

Variables	GDQS total			GDQS+			GDQS-
	β	95 % CI	P	β	95 % CI	P	β	95 % CI	P
Age	0·04	0·01, 0·06	0·009	0·02	0·00, 0·04	0·036	0·02	–0·00, 0·03	0·072
Wealth
Poorest (Ref.)
Poorer	0·47	–0·18, 1·11	0·154	0·11	–0·36, 0·59	0·641	0·35	–0·03, 0·74	0·073
Middle	0·29	–0·36, 0·94	0·386	0·16	–0·31, 0·64	0·499	0·12	–0·27, 0·52	0·54
Richer	–0·28	–0·97, 0·41	0·42	–0·42	–0·92, 0·07	0·092	0·14	–0·27, 0·55	0·504
Richest	–0·33	–1·01, 0·36	0·35	–0·54	–1·06, –0·02	0·041	0·21	–0·20, 0·63	0·312
WDDS	1·54	1·26, 1·82	<0·001	1·58	1·34, 1·81	<0·001	–0·04	–0·19, 0·12	0·647
Snacking	–0·31	–0·76, 0·14	0·182	–0·11	–0·44, 0·23	0·532	–0·2	–0·46, 0·06	0·131
Skipping breakfast	1·01	0·53, 1·49	<0·001	0·25	–0·12, 0·61	0·184	0·76	0·49, 1·04	<0·001
Eating out	–1·25	–1·75, –0·74	<0·001	–0·94	–1·31, –0·56	<0·001	–0·31	–0·61, –0·01	0·042
UPF	–2·94	–3·85, –2·02	<0·001	–1·15	–1·82, –0·49	0·001	–1·78	–2·26, –1·31	<0·001
Constant	12·28	11·09, 13·48	<0·001	1·93	1·01, 2·86	<0·001	10·35	9·66, 11·04	<0·001

WDDS, women dietary diversity score (calculated out of ten food groups); UPF, ultra-processed foods.