Table 2.
Baseline subject characteristics, including anthropometrics and dietary intake
| Olive | Coconut | Supplement | Placebo | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n 15 | n 15 | n 17 | n 16 | ||||||
| Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | P | |
| Age (years) | 61·0 | 1·0 | 62·0 | 1·0 | 58·0 | 1·0 | 59·0 | 1·0 | 0·42 |
| Weight (kg) | 79·2 | 1·9 | 78·3 | 1·9 | 80·6 | 1·8 | 82·5 | 1·9 | 0·44 |
| Body fat (%) | 31·2 | 0·9 | 30·3 | 1·0 | 32·3 | 0·9 | 32·8 | 1·0 | 0·25 |
| Protein (%) | 16·9 | 0·7 | 17·0 | 0·7 | 18·5 | 0·7 | 17·2 | 0·7 | 0·34 |
| Carbohydrate (%) | 41·9 | 1·3 | 45·8 | 1·3 | 44·9 | 1·3 | 42·1 | 1·4 | 0·10 |
| Fat (%) | 37·0 | 1·1 | 35·0 | 1·3 | 33·5 | 1·1 | 38·3 | 1·1 | 0·02 |
| Energy (MJ) | 9·4 | 0·5 | 8·6 | 0·5 | 8·1 | 0·5 | 8·5 | 0·5 | 0·32 |
| Sugars (g) | 90·0 | 8·0 | 102·4 | 8·0 | 84·8 | 7·8 | 86·2 | 8·1 | 0·40 |
| Saturated fat (g) | 32·6 | 2·3 | 29·3 | 2·3 | 25·4 | 2·3 | 32·2 | 2·4 | 0·12 |
| MUFA (g) | 34·8 | 2·6 | 32·9 | 2·6 | 27·7 | 2·6 | 31·6 | 2·6 | 0·26 |
| PUFA (g) | 15·8 | 1·5 | 15·6 | 1·5 | 12·2 | 1·5 | 13·6 | 1·5 | 0·26 |
| Fibre (g) | 23·6 | 1·7 | 22·4 | 1·7 | 22·0 | 1·7 | 21·0 | 1·7 | 0·76 |
| Ca (mg) | 1127·4 | 83·5 | 981·8 | 83·5 | 847·5 | 81·7 | 845·7 | 84·1 | 0·06 |
| Vitamin D (µg) | 4·4 | 0·9 | 4·9 | 0·9 | 4·6 | 1·0 | 4·8 | 1·0 | 0·98 |
GLM, general linear model.
Data are presented as mean ± standard error.
GLM ANCOVA, controlled for sex and BMI at baseline, was used to explore differences between groups.
P < 0·05 was considered statistically significant.
Olive, vitamin D-fortified olive oil dairy drink; coconut, vitamin D-fortified coconut oil dairy drink; supplement, vitamin D supplement; placebo, placebo control dairy drink.