Table. Prevalence of Diagnosed ADHD Among Children and Adolescents, 2017-2022.
| Characteristic | 2017-2018 | 2019-2020 | 2021-2022 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with ADHD | P valuec | Participants with ADHD | P valuec | Participants with ADHD | P valuec | P for trendd | ||||
| No./totala | % (95% CI)b | No./totala | % (95% CI)b | No./totala | % (95% CI)b | |||||
| Overall | 1459/13 434 | 10.20 (9.54-10.87) | NA | 1256/11 785 | 10.08 (9.33-10.83) | NA | 1383/12 390 | 10.47 (9.81-11.13) | NA | .93 |
| Age, y | ||||||||||
| 4-11 | 582/7122 | 7.85 (7.09-8.61) | <.001 | 475/5893 | 7.66 (6.71-8.61) | <.001 | 514/6427 | 7.54 (6.79-8.30) | <.001 | .46 |
| 12-17 | 877/6312 | 13.36 (12.32-14.39) | 781/5892 | 13.15 (11.99-14.30) | 869/5963 | 14.16 (13.09-15.23) | .39 | |||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 1020/7001 | 13.71 (12.69-14.74) | <.001 | 856/6048 | 13.12 (12.07-14.16) | <.001 | 903/6375 | 13.42 (12.39-14.45) | <.001 | .46 |
| Female | 439/6433 | 6.59 (5.87-7.32) | 400/5737 | 6.92 (6.02-7.81) | 480/6015 | 7.38 (6.68-8.09) | .19 | |||
| Race and ethnicitye | ||||||||||
| Hispanic | 230/3043 | 7.46 (6.29-8.63) | <.001 | 230/2780 | 7.86 (6.61-9.11) | <.001 | 263/3207 | 8.07 (6.91-9.22) | <.001 | .89 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 196/1544 | 11.96 (9.90-14.01) | 131/1299 | 9.51 (7.42-11.59) | 143/1276 | 10.76 (8.58-12.94) | .30 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 911/7308 | 11.57 (10.70-12.44) | 794/6323 | 11.81 (10.73-12.89) | 869/6185 | 12.43 (11.52-13.33) | .45 | |||
| Otherf | 122/1539 | 7.88 (6.18-9.57) | 101/1383 | 7.41 (5.65-9.16) | 108/1722 | 6.59 (5.25-7.94) | .12 | |||
| Highest educational level of family members | ||||||||||
| <High school | 145/1196 | 10.98 (8.96-13.00) | .39 | 81/763 | 8.96 (6.26-11.67) | .47 | 86/760 | 10.39 (7.85-12.93) | .50 | .82 |
| High school | 224/1913 | 10.96 (9.27-12.66) | 202/1753 | 10.97 (9.10-12.85) | 227/1899 | 11.36 (9.65-13.07) | .85 | |||
| ≥College | 1089/10 308 | 9.96 (9.21-10.72) | 972/9258 | 10.01 (9.17-10.86) | 1067/9715 | 10.29 (9.57-11.01) | .95 | |||
| Missing | 1/17 | 4.68 (<0.01-13.97) | NA | 1/11 | 15.03 (<0.0141.55) | NA | 3/16 | 13.43 (<0.01-28.64) | NA | NA |
| Family income-to-poverty ratiog | ||||||||||
| <1.00 | 224/1484 | 12.98 (11.03-14.94) | <.001 | 216/1473 | 13.71 (11.45-15.97) | <.001 | 218/1475 | 13.27 (11.13-15.40) | .002 | .98 |
| 1.00-1.99 | 281/2254 | 11.89 (10.36-13.41) | 294/2421 | 11.10 (9.55-12.65) | 283/2539 | 10.59 (9.27-11.90) | .14 | |||
| 2.00-3.99 | 363/3486 | 9.39 (8.17-10.61) | 360/3687 | 8.49 (7.39-9.59) | 377/3713 | 9.56 (8.47-10.65) | .42 | |||
| ≥4.00 | 409/4177 | 9.43 (8.35-10.52) | 386/4204 | 8.97 (7.87-10.08) | 505/4663 | 9.90 (8.87-10.92) | .44 | |||
| Missing | 182/2033 | 8.54 (7.09-10.00) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; NA, not applicable.
The number of participants was unweighted.
Prevalence of ADHD was weighted.
P value for overall differences in prevalence by stratum.
P for trend was calculated using a weighted logistic regression model, which included survey cycle as a continuous variable and was adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, family educational level, and family income.
Race and ethnicity were self-reported and classified based on the 1997 Office of Management and Budget standards. Categories in the survey were Hispanic (multiple Hispanic; Puerto Rico; Mexican; Mexican American; Dominican [Republic]; Central or South American; other Latin American, type not specified; other Spanish; Hispanic/Latino/Spanish, nonspecific type; Hispanic/Latino/Spanish, type refused; Hispanic/Latino/Spanish, type not ascertained), not Hispanic/Spanish origin, non-Hispanic Black (non-Hispanic Black/African American only), non-Hispanic White (non-Hispanic White only), and other.
Other races and ethnicities included non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (individual only), non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native and any other group, non-Hispanic Asian (individual only), and other single and multiple races or declined to respond, no response, or unknown.
The ratio is the total family income divided by the poverty threshold.