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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 5.
Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2023;93(2):727–741. doi: 10.3233/JAD-221240

Table 1.

Basic Demographics and outcome measures by MHT use

Missing Data Full Sample MHT Use No MHT Use MHT versus No MHT Comparison
N (%) N = 1,792 (n = 1,088) (n = 704) MD/OR (95% CI) p
Demographics
 Mid Life Age, M(SD) [range], y 53 (2.96) 64.23 (0.62) [62–67] 64.21 (0.61) 64.26 (0.62) MD = −0.04 (−0.10, 0.02) 0.172
 Late Life Age, M(SD) [range], y 0 71.16 (0.88) [69–74] 71.11 (0.87) 71.23 (0.89) MD = −0.11 (−0.19,−0.03) 0.009
 Education, M (SD) [range], highest year equivalent 0 13.52 (2.14) [12–21] 13.66 (2.20) 13.36 (2.06) MD = 0.33 (0.13, 0.54) 0.001
 Race, No./total No. (%), white 12 (0.01) 1,771/1,792 (99.5%) 1,080/1,088 (99.3%) 691/704 (98.2%) OR = 0.32 (0.08, 1.28) 0.090
 mCES-D, M (SD) [range], sum of all items 162 (8.00) 15.67 (14.71) [0–132] 15.45 (14.21) 15.79 (15.24) MD = −0.53 (−2.00, 0.95) 0.484
APOE4 Status, No./total No. (%), positive 0 457/1,792 (25.5%) 286/1,088 (26.3%) 171/704 (24.3%) OR = 1.11 (0.89, 1.38) 0.344
Late Life Cognition
 Memory (10-item word list)
  Immediate Recall, M (SD) [range], raw score 0 5.82 (1.42) [0,10] 5.91 (1.39) 5.70 (1.44) MD = 0.23 (0.10, 0.37) <0.001
  Delayed Recall, M (SD) [range], raw score 2 (0.00) 3.87 (1.80) [0, 10] 3.92 (1.79) 3.85 (1.80) MD = 0.11 (−0.06, 0.28) 0.233
Reproductive Variables
 Age at Menarche, M {SD} [range], y 86 (4.80) 12.63 (1.49) [8, 19] 12.64 (1.71) 12.74 (2.34) MD = 0.04 (−0.10, 0.19) 0.563
 Age at Last Menstruation, M {SD} [range], y 81 (4.52) 47.50 (7.41) [14, 65] 47.27 (7.59) 48.06 (6.83) MD = 0.60 (−0.12, 1.32) 0.100
 Reproductive Duration, M {SD} [range], y 157 (8.76) 34.81 (7.49) [1, 54] 34.44 (8.19) 35.27 (7.11) MD = 0.42 (−0.32, 1.17) 0.266
 Bilateral oophorectomy/hysterectomy, No./total No. (%), yes 9 (.00) 729/1,783 (40.9%) 524/,1083 (48.4%) 205/700 (29.3%) OR = 2.26 (1.85, 2.77) <0.001
 Suspected Surgical Menopause, No./total No. (%), yes 9 (.00) 234/1,783 (13.1%) 159/1,083 (14.7%) 75/700 (10.7%) OR = 1.43 (1.07, 1.92) 0.015
 MHT Type 0
  No MHT Use, No./total No. (%), yes N/A 704/1,792 (39.3%) N/A N/A N/A
  Unopposed Estrogen, No./total No. (%), yes N/A 463/1,792 (25.8%) N/A N/A N/A
  Opposed Estrogen, No./total No. (%), yes N/A 625/1,792 (34.9%) N/A N/A N/A
 Time between Menopause and MHT Start, M (SD) [range], y 114 (10.48) N/A 1.49 (7.23) [0, 39] N/A N/A N/A
 Age Started MHT, M (SD) [range], y 74 (6.80) N/A 48.77 (6.81) [21, 65] N/A N/A N/A
 Duration of MHT use, M (SD) [range], y 328 (30.15) N/A 10.45 (6.89) [1,37] N/A N/A N/A
 Optimal MHT Onset, No./total No. (%), yes 109 (10.0) N/A 867/979 (88.6%) N/A N/A N/A
General Health
 Lifetime Smoking Duration, Median [interquartile range], y 0 0 [0, 22] 0 [0, 22] 0 [0, 21] MD = −0.15 (−1.86, 1.56) 0.867
 Midlife Obesity (BMI >35 kg/m2), No./total No. (%), yes 0 164/1,792 (9.2%) 85/1,088 (7.8%) 79/704 (11.2%) OR = 0.67 (0.49, 0.93) 0.015
 Hypertension, No./total No. (%), yes 0 1,057/1,792 (59.0%) 633/1,088 (58.2%) 424/704 (60.2%) OR = 0.92 (0.78, 1.11) 0.390
 Hyperlipidemia, No./total No. (%), yes 0 1,058/1,792 (59.0%) 661/1,088 (60.8%) 397/704 (56.4%) OR = 1.20 (0.98, 1.45) 0.067
 Heart Disease, No./total No. (%), yes 5 (0.28) 308/1,787 (17.2%) 188/1,083 (17.4%) 120/704 (17.0%) OR = 1.02 (0.80, 1.32) 0.795
 Cancer, No./total No. (%), yes 2 (.11) 320/1,790 (17.9%) 201/1,088 (18.5%) 119/702 (17.0% OR = 1.11 (0.87, 1.43) 0.412
 Diabetes, No./total No. (%), yes 0 220/1,792 (12.3%) 100/1,088 (9.2%) 120/704 (17.0%) OR = 0.49 (0.37, 0.66) <0.001
Diabetes
 Diabetes Onset Age 7 (3.18) 60.37 (9.69) [16, 72] 63.22 (7.20) 58.68 (10.55) MD = 5.48 (3.05, 7.91) <0.001
 Insulin Use, No./total No. (%), yes 0 55/220 (25.0%) 19/100 (19.0%) 36/120 (30.0%) OR = 0.55 (0.29, 1.03) 0.061
 Diabetes Oral Medication, No./total No. (%), yes 0 158/220 (71.8%) 71/100 (71.0%) 87/120 (72.5%) OR = 0.93 (0.52, 1.67) 0.805
 Diabetes Duration (y) 7 (3.18) 10.54 (9.40) [0, 55] 7.93 (7.11) 12.70 (10.66) MD = −5.67 (−8.11,−3.23) <0.001
 Diabetes Controlled 7 (3.18) ChiSq. (2) = 4.18 0.124
  All 90/213 (42.3%) 47/96 (49.0%) 43/117 (36.8%)
  Some 92/213 (43.2%) 39/96 (40.6%) 53/117 (45.3%)
  None 31/213 (14.6%) 10/96 (10.4%) 21/117 (17.9%)

MD, mean difference; OR, odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; MHT, menopausal hormone therapy; mCES-D, modified Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Inventory.