Young’s modulus quantified from the AFM
viscoelastic model
(red circles are average values and error bars are one standard deviation)
as a function of RH at room temperature (20–25 °C) along
with Young’s modulus values from the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts
(JKR) elastic model (blue squares) for (A) glucose, (B) sucrose, and
(C) raffinose model single particle systems. For some Young’s
modulus data, the standard deviation is smaller than the size of the
symbol. The comparison with the JKR elastic model is shown at the
lowest RH value where viscoelastic model was applicable at 20%, 35%,
and 51% for glucose, sucrose, and raffinose, respectively.