Table 1. FDA-Approved Liposome-Based Antibiotic Delivery Systemsa.
| drug name | targeted pathogen | delivery system | ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| amikacin | P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, MAC, M. tuberculosis | DPPC, Chol | (19a) |
| gentamicin | highly gentamicin-resistant mucoid and nonmucoid clinical strains of P. aeruginosa | DMPC, DPPC, DSPC, Chol | (19b) |
| meropenem | P. aeruginosa | DMPC, Chol | (19c) |
| ampicillin | L. monocytogenes, Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium | PCT-LC, DDAB, Chol | (19d) |
| ciprofloxacin | Francisella tularensis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa | SM, Chol | (19e) |
| aminoglycosides | Burkholderia cenocepacia | DSPC, Chol | (20a) |
| rifampicin | resorcinomycin A Mycobacterium spp. | SPC, Chol | (20b) |
| resorcinomycin A | Mycobacterium spp. | DMPC, PI, P-NBD-PC | (20c) |
| clarithromycin | P. aeruginosa, MAC, H. pylori | DPPC, Chol, NBD-PC | (20d) |
| polymyxin B | P. aeruginosa | DPPC, Chol | (20e) |
| POPC, Chol | |||
| ticarcillin | P. aeruginosa | egg lecithin, Chol | (20f) |
| daptomycin | S. aureus | SPC, sodium cholate | (21a) |
| doxycycline | H. pylori | egg PC | (21b) |
| epigallocatechin gallate | MRSA | egg lecithin, Chol | (21c) |
| isoniazid | M. tuberculosis | SLPC, POPC, Chol | (21d) |
| azithromycin | Mycobacterium avium–Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (MAC) | EPC, EPG, HSPC-3 | (21e) |
| sparfloxacin | MAC | DPPG, DPPC, Chol | (22a) |
| ofloxacin | MAC | DMPC, Chol, DP | (22b) |
| gentamicin | Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa, Brucella abortus | DMPC, Chol | (22c) |
| tobramycin | Burkholderia cepacia complex, P. aeruginosa | DPPC, DOPG, DOPC | (22d) |
| vancomycin | MRSA | DOPE, DPPC, CHEMS, DSPE-PEG | (22e) |
| meropenem | P. aeruginosa | PC, DOTAP, Chol | (23a) |
| tetracycline | Chlamydia trachomatis | DPPC, DSPC, Chol | (23b) |
| colistin | Mycobacterium spp. | DOPC, Chol | (23c) |
| levofloxacin | pulmonary infection | DPPC, Chol | (23d) |
| streptomycin | Salmonella enteritidis, M. avium complex | DPPC, Chol | (23e) |
| norfloxacin | Enterobacteriacea | PCT2–EPC, Chol, tocopherol | (24a) |
| piperacillin | S. aureus | PC, Chol | (24b) |
| cefepime | Enterobacteriacea | EPC, Chol | (24c) |
DOPC, dioleoylphosphatidyl choline; DSPG, distearoylphosphatidyl glycerol; DOPG, dioleoylphosphatidyl glycerol; DPPC, dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline; SPC, soybean phosphatidyl choline; DPPC, dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline; DSPE, distearoylphosphatidyl choline; Chol, cholesterol; DOPE, dioleoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine; POPC, palmitoyloleoylphosphatidyl choline; DMPC, dimyristoylphosphatidyl choline; EPC, egg phosphatidyl choline; PCT, pectin from apple; PCT1, pectin from apple, found in the aqueous phase that surrounds the liposomes; PCT2, pectin from apple, distributed in the water phase inside and outside the liposomes; DPPS, dipalmitoylphosphatidyl serine; DP, dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate; DPPE, dipalmitoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine; DPPA, dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid; EPG, egg phosphatidyl glycerol; HSPC-3, hydrogenated soybean phosphatidyl choline; SLPC, monoacyl soybean phosphatidyl choline; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PC, soybean phosphatidyl choline; DSPC, distearoylphosphatidyl choline; SM, egg sphingomyelin; DMPG, dimyristoylphosphatidyl glycerol; DSPE, distearoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine; DODAB, dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide; DSPE, distearoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine; CHEMS, cholesteryl hemisuccinate.