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. 2023 Oct 5;2023(10):CD013456. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013456.pub2

Miller 2015.

Study characteristics
Methods Study design: randomised controlled trial
Study grouping: parallel group
Duration of study: 3 years
Ethics approvals: procedures were approved by a university IRB
Location of study: Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
Randomisation method: not given
Participants Baseline characteristics
Other psychologically oriented interventions (psychoeducation and coping video)

  • Participants (receiving intervention): 79

  • Gender: 100% female participants

  • Age: not given

  • Ethnicity: not given

  • Disability: not given

  • Time since trauma, M: < 72 h

  • Income: not given

  • Education: not given

  • Employment: not given

  • Sexual violence in adulthood: 100%

  • Comorbid conditions: not given

  • Baseline PTSD, M (SD): 25.82 (15.06)

  • Partnered: not given

  • Randomised (N): 94

  • Completed post‐treatment assessment (N): 31

  • Dropped out or removed prior to analysis (N): 61

  • Numbers analysed at final applicable time point (N): 33

  • Number of sessions, M (SD): 1 (0)

  • Treatment completion: 79 (84%)


Usual care

  • Participants (at randomisation): 85

  • Gender: 100% female participants

  • Age: not given

  • Ethnicity: not given

  • Disability: not given

  • Time since trauma, M: < 72 h

  • Income: not given

  • Education: not given

  • Employment: not given

  • Sexual violence in adulthood: 100%

  • Comorbid conditions: not given

  • Baseline PTSD, M (SD): 27.76 (14.56)

  • Partnered: not given

  • Randomised (N): 85

  • Completed post‐treatment assessment (N): 38

  • Dropped out or removed prior to analysis (N): 44

  • Numbers analysed at final applicable time point (N): 41


Overall

  • Participants (those receiving the intervention): 164

  • Gender: 100% female participants

  • Age, M (SD): 28.79 years (10.47 years)

  • Ethnicity: 61.5% white, 15.4% Black, 14.7% Native American, 5.1% Hispanic, 3.2% other

  • Disability: not given

  • Time since trauma, M: < 72 h

  • Income: not given

  • Education: not given

  • Employment: not given

  • Sexual violence in adulthood: 100%

  • Comorbid conditions: not given

  • Baseline PTSD: not given

  • Partnered: not given

  • Approached (N): not given

  • Ineligible (N): not given

  • Declined (N): not given

  • Other (N): not given

  • Randomised (N): 179

  • Completed post‐treatment assessment (N): 69

  • Dropped out or removed prior to analysis (N): 105

  • Numbers analysed at final applicable time point (N): 74


Inclusion criteria

  • Women participating in a sexual assault examination at the hospital within 72 h of sexual victimisation

  • English‐speaking

  • 18 years and over


Exclusion criteria

  • Unable to provide consent because of intoxication, loss of consciousness, apparent psychosis or other reasons preventing them from providing consent (e.g. ventilator dependent, developmental delays)


Pretreatment: more individuals in standard care (usual care) reported rape (67.1%) compared to the video intervention condition (46.8%).
Interventions Intervention characteristics
Other psychologically oriented interventions (psychoeducation and coping video)

  • Planned number of intervention sessions: 1

  • Mode of delivery (face‐to‐face, online, video, telephone, blend, with explanation): video, 9‐minute psychoeducational video for coping with sexual assault

  • Format (group, individual, blend): individual

  • Therapist qualifications and training appropriate: N/A

  • Research allegiance or conflict of interest (yes, no, unclear, with explanation): unclear, some authors appear to have developed the video intervention.

  • Treatment fidelity (yes, no, unclear, with explanation): yes, because it was a standard 9‐minute video

  • Intervention aim and theoretical basis: video focused on instruction of empirically effective coping strategies as well as modelling of such strategies. Provided a rationale and instructions for self‐directed in vivo exposure to sexual assault‐related cues. Showed methods of using repeated exposure to reduce anxiety in typical assault‐related cue situations

  • Duration of intervention: one‐off video


Usual care

  • Planned number of intervention sessions: 1

  • Mode of delivery (face‐to‐face, online, video, telephone, blend, with explanation): face‐to‐face

  • Format (group, individual, blend): individual

  • Therapist qualifications and training appropriate (yes, no, unclear, with explanation): yes, rape crisis advocate

  • Research allegiance or conflict of interest (yes, no, unclear, with explanation): no, this was standard care offered at the hospital by the forensic nurse.

  • Treatment fidelity: N/A

  • Intervention aim and theoretical basis: the advocate provided information about what would happen during the examination and about services available in the community. The SANE nurse on duty provided verbal information about the examination to the survivor and performed a forensic medicolegal examination.

  • Duration of intervention: 1 visit
Outcomes PTSD

  • Outcome type: continuous outcome

  • Scale used: PSS‐SR

  • Direction: lower is better

  • Score range: 0 to 119

  • Data value: endpoint, 3 months


Treatment dropout (intervention only)

  • Outcome type: dichotomous outcome


Anxiety

  • Outcome type: continuous outcome

  • Scale used: STAI

  • Direction: lower is better

  • Score range: 20 to 80

  • Data value: endpoint, 3 months
Identification Sponsorship source: Oklahoma Center for Advancement of Science and Technology HR08‐017
Country: USA
Setting: SANE programme at 1 hospital
Authors name: Katherine Miller
Institution: University of Tulsa
Email: katherine‐miller@utulsa.edu
Year: 2015
Notes Total N for population characteristics excludes 15 people in the video intervention arm who did not view the video.
Included in meta‐analysis
Communicated with author(s) for purpose of the review including additional data