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. 2023 Sep 20;8(39):36401–36411. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05293

Table 2. Optimization of the Bioglycerol-Based Carbon Sulfonic Acid Catalyst.

entry catalyst (5 mol %) solvent time (minutes) yield (%)a
1 carbon–SO3H H2O 30 65
2 carbon–SO3H CH3OH 30 50
3 carbon–SO3H C2H5OH 10 95
4 carbon–SO3H   5 95
5 carbon–SO3H C2H5OH 5 90
6 carbon–SO3H C2H5OH: H2O 15 93
7b carbon–SO3H   10 70
a

Isolated yield after the purification.

b

Catalyst (10 mol %).