Table 1.
Characteristic of included studies in meta-analysis
| studies | Country | Study Design | Participant | Sample size and Sex | Sample size |
Trial Duration (Week) |
Means Age | Means BMI | Intervention | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IG | CG | IG | CG | IG | CG | CLA (g/d) | Control group | ||||||
| RISerus et al. 2002 (a) [44] | Sweden | paralell, R, PC, DB | Obese Men with the Metabolic Syndrome | M: 38 | 19 | 19 | 12 | 51 ± 7.1 | 53 ± 10.1 | 30.1 ± 1.8 | 30.2 ± 1.8 | 3.4 | placebo |
| RISerus et al. 2002 (b) | Sweden | paralell, R, PC, DB | Obese Men with the Metabolic Syndrome | M: 38 | 19 | 19 | 12 | 55 ± 7.1 | 53 ± 10.1 | 31.2 ± 2.5 | 30.2 ± 1.8 | 3.4 | placebo |
| Moloney et al. 2004 [35] | United Kingdom | paralell, R, PC, DB | type 2 diabetes mellitus | M/F: 32 | 16 | 16 | 8 | 63.8 ± 8.8 | 58.1 ± 10.8 | 29.1 ± 4 | 30.7 ± 4.8 | 3 | control diet |
| Naumann et al. 2006 (a) [45] | Netherlands | paralell, R, PC, DB | overweight subjects with LDL phenotype B | M/F: 68 | 34 | 34 | 13 | 51 ± 7 | 51 ± 9 | 28.6 ± 2.3 | 28 ± 2.2 | 3 | control diet |
| Naumann et al. 2006 (b) | Netherlands | paralell, R, PC, DB | overweight subjects with LDL phenotype B | M/F:53 | 19 | 34 | 13 | 55 ± 7 | 51 ± 9 | 29.3 ± 2.4 | 28 ± 2.2 | 3 | control diet |
| Schmitt et al. 2006 [46] | France | paralell, R, PC, DB | type 2 diabetes | M/F (F:10, M:16) | 13 | 13 | 12 | 54.38 ± 8.96 | 61.62 ± 9.27 | 32.07 ± 5.37 | 31.81 ± 4.16 | 4.5 | control diet |
| Zhao et al. 2009 [36] | China | paralell, R, PC, DB | Obesity-Related Hypertension | M/F (F:36, M:44) | 40 | 40 | 8 | 62.3 ± 3.5 | 59.4 ± 2.4 | 32.3 ± 2.3 | 31.2 ± 1.4 | 4.5 | control diet |
| Norris et al. 2009 [42] | Germany | paralell, R, PC, DB | postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus | F: 55 | 22 | 33 | 16 | 59.4 ± 7.3 | 60.1 ± 7.3 | 37.1 ± 7.2 | 36.3 ± 6.1 | 6.4 | control diet |
| Shadman et al. 2010 [37] | Iran | paralell, R, PC, DB | type 2 diabetic patients | M/F (F:20, M:19) | 19 | 20 | 8 | 45.14 ± 5.77 | 46.53 ± 4.38 | 27.48 ± 3.59 | 27.13 ± 1.87 | 3 | placebo |
| Joseph et al. 2011 (a) [34] | Canada | crossover, R, PC, DB | Overweight, Hyperlipidemic | M: 27 | 27 | 27 | 8 | 18–60 | 18–60 | 31.5 ± 4 | 31.3 ± 4 | 3.5 | placebo |
| Joseph et al. 2011 (b) | Canada | crossover, R, PC, DB | Overweight, Hyperlipidemic | M: 27 | 27 | 27 | 8 | 18–60 | 18–60 | 31.4 ± 4 | 31.3 ± 4 | 3.5 | placebo |
| Shadman et al. 2013 [38] | Iran | paralell, R, PC, DB | overweight type2 diabetics | M/F (F:21, M:18) | 19 | 20 | 8 | 45.1 ± 5.7 | 45.5 ± 4.3 | 27.4 ± 0.5 | 27.1 ± 1.8 | 3 | placebo |
| Carvalho et al. 2013 | Brazil | paralell, R, PC, DB | metabolic syndrome | F: 14 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 40 ± 14.12 | 42 ± 5.16 | 32.53 ± 2.1 | 32.3 ± 2.16 | 3 | placebo |
| Eftekhari et al. 2013 [41] | Iran | paralell, R, PC | atherosclerotic patients | M/F: 57 | 29 | 28 | 8 | 52.79 ± 14.11 | 55.85 ± 14.13 | 24.02 ± 2.76 | 24.66 ± 2.34 | 3 | control diet |
| Ebrahimi-Mameghani et al. 2016 [40] | Iran | paralell, R, PC, B | Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | M/F (F:33, M:5) | 19 | 19 | 8 | 36.74 ± 6.87 | 38.58 ± 8.24 | 32.72 ± 4.63 | 35.27 ± 3.46 | 3 | placebo |
| Abedi et al. 2018 [39] | Iran | paralell, R, PC, SB | Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | M/F (F:32, M: 6) | 19 | 19 | 8 | 36.74 ± 6.87 | 38.58 ± 8.24 | 32.72 ± 4.63 | 35.27 ± 3.46 | 3 | control diet |
Abbreviations: IG Intervention group, CG Control group, DB Double-blinded, SB Single-blinded, PC Placebo-controlled, CO Controlled, RA Randomized, NR Not reported, F Female, M Male, NR Not reported