Table 2.

Proposed targets for control of systemic causes of secondary brain injury

Variable	Proposed target	Comments
MAP	65–80 mmHg	A higher MAP target (≥ 80mmHg) is not associated with reduced mortality [61, 63] A higher MAP target is associated with higher RASS scores during ICU stay [64]
PaO2	80–120 mmHg	Hyperoxia is associated with increased mortality [65]
PaCO2	35–45 mmHg	Hypercapnia (> 45 mmHg) is associated with an increased risk of SAE [8]
Temperature	36–38.3°C	Fever (> 38.4 °C) is associated with higher mortality [66, 67]
Natremia	135–145 mmol/L	Hypernatremia is associated with an increased risk of SAE [8]
Glycemia	5–10 mmol/L	Hypoglycemia (< 3 mmol/l) and hyperglycemia (> 10 mmol/l) are associated with an increased risk of SAE [8]
Hemoglobin	> 7g/dL	A higher transfusion threshold (> 9g/dL) is not associated with decreased mortality [68, 69]

MAP mean arterial pressure; RASS Richmond agitation sedation scale; SAE Sepsis-associated encephalopathy