Table 1.
Demographics of the study population: surgery and non-surgery with obesity at 12 years and the normal BMI group.
| Variable | Surgery (n=50) | Non-surgery comparator subjects with obesity (n=76) | Normal-weight subjects (n=39) | ANOVA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-value | |
| % Female | 76 | 76 | 67 | |
| age (y) | 59.0 ± 10.5 | 62.7 ± 9.4 | 48.5 ± 6.4### | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.3 ± 7.9 | 43.6 ± 7.5### | 23.6 ± 1.8### | <0.0001 |
| Insulin (uIU/ml) | 10.3 ± 8.2 | 34.3 ± 48.4### | 7.5 ± 3.9 | <0.0001 |
| Fat free mass (kg) | 50.7 ± 14.3 | 56.9 ± 13.1# | 48.4 ± 10.4 | 0.003 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 46.6 ± 15.8 | 60.2 ± 15.4### | 18.8 ± 5.9### | <0.0001 |
| HOMA-β | 120 ± 88 | 130 ± 129 | 124 ± 75 | 0.88 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.7 ± 2.5 | 11.5 ± 14.8### | 1.6 ± 0.9 | <0.0001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 103.1 ± 42.4 | 142.6 ± 57.2### | 86.3 ± 6.0 | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.4 ± 1.4 | 7.9 ± 1.8### | NA | <0.0001 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 122 ± 63 | 172 ± 112# | 114 ± 89 | 0.0015 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 101 ± 30 | 104 ± 36 | 123 ± 30# | 0.003 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 58 ± 22 | 47 ± 14# | 56 ± 18 | 0.0007 |
| AST (U/L) | 22 ± 9 | 25 ± 18 | NA | 0.33 |
| ALT (U/L) | 21 ± 12 | 26 ± 17 | NA | 0.054 |
| FGF19 (pg/ml) | 413± 340 | 218 ± 161 | 334 ± 368 | 0.09 |
| FGF21 (pg/ml) | 259± 248 | 239 ± 241 | 185 ± 225 | 0.36 |
| FGF23 (pg/ml) | 98.7 ± 67.7 | 83.2 ± 64.1 | 60.8 ± 57.9# | 0.026 |
| ANGPTL3 (ng/ml) | 12.8 ± 4.3 | 11.8 ± 4.0 | 13.0 ± 4.1 | 0.26 |
| ANGPTL4 (ng/ml) | 161 ± 46 | 183 ± 48# | 103 ± 27### | <0.0001 |
| ANGPTL6 (ng/ml) | 1997 ± 945 | 2359 ± 1140 | 1533 ± 889 | 0.0004 |
| Adipsin (ng/ml) | 1619 ± 683 | 1922. ± 840 | 1111 ± 372# | <0.0001 |
| Adiponectin (µg/ml) | 27.1 ± 17.9 | 18.1 ± 14.0# | 21.6 ± 13.6 | 0.007 |
| Myonectin (ng/ml) | 758 ± 322 | 835 ± 407 | 1004 ± 327# | 0.007 |
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-β, homeostatic model assessment of beta cell function; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; ANGPTL, angiopoietin-like protein. Pairwise tests significant at: # p<0.017; ### p<0.0001 nonsurgical comparator subjects with obesity or normal-weight subjects versus the surgery group after adjustment for three post-hoc tests from ANOVA analysis.
Unadjusted means and standard deviations.