Table 3.
Demographics of the study population: surgery and non-surgery with obesity at 12 years and the normal BMI group.
| Variable | Surgery | Non-surgery comparator- subjects- with-obesity |
Normal-weight subjects |
Effect Sizes | ANCOVA p |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SEM | Mean ± SEM | Mean ± SEM | Surgery vs Non-surgery comparator-subjects-with- obesity | Surgery vs Normal-weight | Non-surgery comparator-subjects-with- obesity vs Normal-weight | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.4 ± 1.0 | 43.8 ± 0.9 | 23.4 ± 1.2 | -9.4 ± 1.3### | 11.1 ± 1.6### | 20.5 ± 1.6### | <0.0001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 105 ± 7 | 146 ± 6 | 84 ± 8 84 ± 8 | -41 ± 8### | 21 ± 11 | 62 ± 11### | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.2 ± 0.3 | 7.7 ± 0.2 | NA | -1.5 ± 0.3### | NA | NA | <0.0001 |
| Insulin (uIU/ml) | 7.4 ± 5.0 | 30.6 ± 4.4 | 7.9 ± 6.0 | -23.2 ± 6## | -0.5 ± 7.8 | 22.6 ± 7.8# | 0.0004 |
| AST (U/L) | 20.4 ± 2.3 | 26.3 ± 2.0 | NA | -2.6 ± 2.8 | NA | NA | 0.36 |
| ALT (U/L) | 22.0 ± 2.3 | 24.6 ± 2.0 | NA | -5.9 ± 2.8 | NA | NA | 0.04 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 130 ± 14 | 187 ± 12 | 98 ± 17 | -57 ± 17# | 32 ± 22 | 89 ± 22### | <0.0001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 98.6 ± 4.8 | 103.6 ± 4.2 | 113.7 ± 5.8 | -5.1 ± 5.9 | -15.1 ± 7.5 | -10.0 ± 7.5 | 0.13 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 55.4 ± 2.6 | 42.6 ± 2.3 | 57.1 ± 3.1 | 12.8 ± 3.2### | -1.7 ± 4.0 | -14.5 ± 4.1# | <0.0001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 10.8 ± 1.4 | 1.5 ± 1.8 | -8.8 ± 1.9### | 0.9 ± 2.4 | 9.7 ± 2.4### | <0.0001 |
| Fat free mass (kg) | 56.4 ± 1.5 | 63.3 ± 1.4 | 50.0 ± 1.7 | -7.0 ± 1.9### | 6.3 ± 2.3## | 13.3 ± 2.3### | <0.0001 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 45.6 ± 2.2 | 60.0 ± 2.0 | 16.0 ± 2.5 | -14.4 ± 2.7### | 29.5 ± 3.3### | 43.9 ± 3.3### | <0.0001 |
| HOMA-β | 113 ± 16 | 125 ± 15 | 116 ± 19 | -11 ± 20 | -3 ± 25 | 9 ± 25 | 0.84 |
| FGF19 (pg/ml) | 400 ± 60 | 192 ± 79 | 362 ± 80 | 209 ± 91 | 39 ± 105 | -170 ± 125 | 0.08 |
| FGF21 (pg/ml) | 244 ± 37 | 207 ± 32 | 241 ± 44 | 37.6 ± 44.5 | 2.8 ± 57.7 | -34.8 ± 56.7 | 0.66 |
| FGF23 (pg/ml) | 96.4± 10.1 | 84.6 ± 8.5 | 50.9 ± 11.5 | 11.9 ± 12.1 | 45.6 ± 15.3## | 33.7 ± 15.0 | 0.013 |
| ANGPTL3 (ng/ml) | 12.6 ± 0.6 | 11.5 ± 0.6 | 13.2 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | -0.6 ± 1.0 | -1.7 ± 1.0 | 0.16 |
| ANGPTL4 (ng/ml) | 156 ± 6 | 171 ± 5 | 119 ± 7 | -16 ± 8 | 37 ± 10## | 52.2 ± 9.6### | <0.0001 |
| ANGPTL6 (ng/ml) | 2007 ± 160 | 2390 ± 139 | 1473 ± 187 | -11 ± 22 | 34 ± 32 | 917≠245## | 0.0010 |
| Adiponectin (µg/ml) | 25.9 ± 2.3 | 15.7 ± 2.0 | 24.8 ± 2.9 | 10.3 ± 2.8## | 1.1 ± 3.6 | -9.1 ± 3.6# | 0.0008 |
| Adipsin (ng/ml) | 1617 ± 106 | 1859 ± 94 | 1314 ± 133 | -242 ± 130 | 302 ± 169 | 545 ± 169# | 0.005 |
| Myonectin (ng/ml) | 744 ± 55 | 830 ± 49 | 969 ± 66 | -86 ± 67 | -225 ± 86# | -139 ± 86 | 0.03 |
ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-β, homeostatic model assessment of beta cell function; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; ANGPTL, angiopoietin-like protein. Pairwise tests significant at: # p<0.017; ## p<0.001; ### p<0.0001 nonsurgical comparator subjects with obesity or normal-weight subjects versus the surgery group after adjustment for three post-hoc tests from ANCOVA analysis.
Age and Gender-adjusted Means, Standard Errors and Effect Sizes.