Table IV.
Procedural characteristics with hemoptysis severity
| Entire Sample | Mild-Moderate | Severe | OR (95% C.I.) | p-value a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | N = 229 | N = 200 | N = 29 | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Biopsy indication (p = .14) | |||||
| New diagnosis of cancer | 75 (32.8) | 65 (32.5) | 10 (34.5) | Referent | |
| Rule out new disease b | 120 (52.4) | 108 (54.0) | 12 (41.4) | 0.72 (0.29, 1.77) | .48 |
| Molecular diagnostics | 10 (4.4) | 6 (3.0) | 4 (13.8) | 4.33 (1.03, 1.77) | .04 |
| Clinical trial | 25 (10.5) | 21 (10.5) | 3 (10.3) | 0.93 (0.23, 3.70) | .92 |
| Laterality (p = .54) | |||||
| Right | 122 (53.3) | 105 (52.5) | 17 (58.6) | Referent | |
| Left | 107 (46.7) | 95 (47.5) | 12 (41.4) | 0.78 (0.35, 1.72) | .54 |
| Lobe biopsied (p = .95) | |||||
| Upper | 107 (46.7) | 93 (46.5) | 14 (48.3) | Referent | |
| Middle | 14 (6.1) | 12 (6.0) | 2 (6.9) | 1.11 (0.22, 5.48) | .90 |
| Lower | 96 (41.9) | 85 (42.5) | 11 (37.9) | 0.86 (0.37, 2.00) | .73 |
| Other c | 12 (5.2) | 10 (5.0) | 2 (6.9) | 1.33 (0.26, 6.71) | .73 |
| Core biopsy technique used d | 183 (79.9) | 155 (77.5) | 28 (96.6) | 8.13 (1.07, 61.40) | .04 |
| Largest needle size (p = .007) | N = 227 | N = 198 | N = 29 | ||
| 18g | 112 (49.3) | 91 (46.0) | 21 (72.4) | 2.60 (1.09, 6.17) | .03 |
| 20g | 98 (43.2) | 90 (45.5) | 8 (27.6) | Referent | |
| 22g | 17 (7.5) | 17 (8.6) | 0 (0.0) | ----- | ----- |
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | |||
| N = 221 | N = 192 | N = 29 | |||
| Number of Specimens e | 2.0 (1, 3) | 2.0 (1, 3) | 2.0 (1, 3) | 0.99 (0.82, 1.20) | .93 |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Position (p = .07) | N = 228 | N = 200 | N = 28 | ||
| Supine | 104 (45.6) | 92 (42.9) | 12 (42.9) | Referent | |
| Prone | 118 (51.8) | 105(52.5) | 13 (46.4) | 0.95 (0.41, 2.19) | .95 |
| Other f | 6 (2.6) | 3 (1.5) | 3 (10.7) | ----- | ----- |
| Sedation (p = .14) | N = 229 | N = 200 | N = 29 | ||
| Moderate sedation | 208 (90.8) | 184 (92.0) | 24 (82.8) | Referent | |
| Monitored anesthesia care | 18 (7.9) | 13 (6.5) | 5(17.2) | 2.95 (0.96, 9.00) | .06 |
| General anesthesia | 3 (1.3) | 3 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | ----- | ----- |
| Pneumothorax g | 34 (14.8) | 24 (12.0) | 10 (34.5) | 3.86 (1.60, 9.28) | .003 |
| Chest tube placement g | 20 (8.7) | 12 (6.0) | 8 (27.6) | 5.97 (2.19, 16.26) | < .001 |
| N = 225 | N = 196 | N = 29 | |||
| Aborted procedure h | 85 (37.8) | 76 (38.8) | 9 (31.0) | 0.71 (0.30, 1.65) | .42 |
| Specimen result (p = .38) | N = 228 | N = 199 | N = 29 | ||
| Malignancy | 153 (67.1) | 133 (66.8) | 20 (69.0) | 1.11 (0.29, 4.11) | .88 |
| Inadequate specimen | 21 (9.2) | 18 (9.0) | 3 (10.3) | ----- | ----- |
| Normal tissue j | 8 (3.5) | 8 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.74 (0.23, 2.30 | .60 |
| Infection / inflammation | 40 (17.5) | 36 (18.1) | 4 (13.8) | 3.33 (0.57, 19.36) | .18 |
| Non-malignant diagnosis | 6 (2.6) | 4 (2.0) | 2 (6.9) | ----- | ----- |
a
Specific contrast, Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square
b
New disease including recurrence, new primary, metastatic disease in those with history of malignancy
c
Perihilar, paramediastinal, lingular, and multiple lobes
d
Fine needle aspirate technique used for other cases
e
Total specimens obtained from target lesion (cores and FNA specimens)
f
Patient positioned in lateral decubitus or position not indicated
g
Occurred after biopsy completion
h
Aborted procedure due to hemoptysis
i
Specimen adequate for analysis