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. 2023 Oct 2;11:e16148. doi: 10.7717/peerj.16148

Table 2. Test-retest reliability.

Lumbar Range
of max. force (N)
Variables Mean (SD) of variables ICC (95% CI) SEM
Rater 1
L1
(n = 27)
16.20–61.60 Displacement (mm) 5.31 (2.52) 0.67 (0.28–0.85) 1.45
Stiffness (N/mm) 3.69 (1.48) 0.72 (0.38–0.87) 0.78
L2
(n = 29)
19.30–68.60 Displacement (mm) 5.64 (2.31) 0.59 (0.12–0.81) 1.48
Stiffness (N/mm) 3.46 (1.04) 0.74 (0.46–0.88) 0.53
L3
(n = 30)
21.10–69.80 Displacement (mm) 6.84 (3.60) 0.70 (0.36–0.86) 1.98
Stiffness (N/mm) 3.38 (1.40) 0.80 (0.58–0.90) 0.62
L4
(n = 29)
21.50–73.40 Displacement (mm) 8.35 (3.79) 0.86 (0.71–0.94) 1.41
Stiffness (N/mm) 3.15 (1.34) 0.88 (0.74–0.94) 0.47
L5
(n = 29)
21.50–77.40 Displacement (mm) 9.44 (3.10) 0.76 (0.50–0.89) 1.48
Stiffness (N/mm) 2.85 (1.16) 0.78 (0.52–0.90) 0.54
Rater 2
L1
(n = 27)
18.40–41.40 Displacement (mm) 5.58 (2.38) 0.64 (0.23–0.84) 1.42
Stiffness (N/mm) 2.95 (0.90) 0.56 (0.03–0.80) 0.60
L2
(n = 30)
18.00–53.60 Displacement (mm) 5.44 (2.56) 0.59 (0.13–0.81) 1.63
Stiffness (N/mm) 3.21 (1.09) 0.60 (0.15–0.81) 0.69
L3
(n = 30)
21.50–52.30 Displacement (mm) 5.72 (2.94) 0.60 (0.15–0.81) 1.85
Stiffness (N/mm) 3.25 (1.10) 0.51 (−0.01–0.77) 0.77
L4
(n = 29)
22.40–60.70 Displacement (mm) 7.28 (3.62) 0.70 (0.36–0.86) 1.99
Stiffness (N/mm) 2.91 (1.04) 0.63 (0.21–0.82) 0.64
L5
(n = 29)
21.50–60.20 Displacement (mm) 8.07 (2.98) 0.57 (0.08–0.80) 1.96
Stiffness (N/mm) 2.94 (0.96) 0.53 (0.03–0.77) 0.66

Notes.

Abbreviation

CI
confident interval
ICC
intra-class correlation coefficient
SD
standard deviation
SEM
standard error of measurement