. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 5.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Psychol Stud. 2022 Oct 9;14(4):1–19. doi: 10.5539/ijps.v14n4p1

Table 4.

Regression Analyses Predicting 4-Year-Old Children’s Developmental Vocabulary Assessment for Parents Scores From Parental Praise, Affirmation in a Non-Praise Context, and Corrective Feedback

Variable (n=91)	Model 5		Model 6		Model 7		Model 8

	B (β)	SE	B (β)	SE	B (β)	SE	B (β)	SE
Parental feedback
Praise	.58^* (.29)	.25					.50^* (.25)	.25
Affirmation in a non-praise context			.15 (.18)	.12			.06 (.08)	.12
Corrective feedback					−.31 (−.22)	.17	−.22 (−.16)	.18
Child age	14.00 (.16)	9.19	14.68 (.16)	9.40	13.63 (.15)	9.29	14.14 (.16)	9.19
Total parental utterances	−.01 (−.06)	.03	−.00 (−.02)	.04	.06 (.23)	.03	−.00 (−.00)	.05
R²/adjusted R²	.09/.06		.05/.02		.07/.04		.12/.07
F for R²	2.99^*		1.66		2.25		2.30^{^}

^{^}

p<.06

p<.05

^**

p<.01

^***

p<.001