. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 5.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Psychol Stud. 2022 Oct 9;14(4):1–19. doi: 10.5539/ijps.v14n4p1

Table 5.

Regression Analyses Predicting the Change in Children’s Woodcock-Johnson Applied Problems Subtest Scores Between 4 and 5 Years of Age From Parental Praise, Affirmation in a Non-Praise Context, and Corrective Feedback

Variable (n=91)	Model 9		Model 10		Model 11		Model 12

	B (β)	SE	B (β)	SE	B (β)	SE	B (β)	SE
Parental feedback
Praise	.08^* (.28)	.04					.08^* (.27)	.04
Affirmation in a non-praise context			.02 (.12)	.02			.01 (.08)	.02
Corrective feedback					−.01 (−.06)	.03	−.00 (−.00)	.03
Child age	1.92 (.14)	1.41	1.98 (.15)	1.45	1.89 (.14)	1.45	1.97 (.14)	1.43
Total parental utterances	−.01 (−.16)	.00	−.00 (−.09)	.01	.00 (.03)	.00	−.01 (−.21)	.01
R²/adjusted R²	.07/.04		.03/−.01		.02/−.01		.07/.02
F for R²	2.22		.81		.66		1.36

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