Table 3.
Lipoxygenase specific activity (U/mg) and fatty acid composition (% of total fatty acid) in wild type (WT) and transgenic yellow pea (TGP) flours.
| Enzyme Activity | F value (8, 18) † |
Yellow Pea Samples | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WT | TGP-2 | TGP-3 | TGP-4 | TGP-5 | TGP-6 | TGP-7 | TGP-8 | TGP-9 | ||
| Specific LOX activity (U/mg) | 29.135 *** |
170.18a
(14.64) |
71.85c
(6.7) |
94.75bc
(8.29) |
89.04bc
(8.37) |
93.86bc
(14.09) |
103.2b
(6.39) |
71.82c
(6.7) |
100.6b
(5.58) |
86.54bc
(8.90) |
| Fatty Acid Composition | F value (8, 18) |
WT | TGP-2 | TGP-3 | TGP-4 | TGP-5 | TGP-6 | TGP-7 | TGP-8 | TGP-9 |
| Myristic acid (C14:0) | 1.101 NS | 0.23 (0.13) |
0.35 (0.2) |
0.23 (0.02) |
0.17 (0.01) |
0.17 (0.05) |
0.18 (0.02) |
0.18 (0.02) |
0.18 (0.00) |
0.35 (0.16) |
| Pentadecanoic acid (C:15) | 11.770 *** | 0.11c
(0.01) |
0.14ab
(0.005) |
0.15a
(0.005) |
0.15a
(0.011) |
0.14ab
(0.005) |
0.15a
(0.007) |
0.13b
(0.02) |
0.14ab
(0.04) |
0.15ab
(0.02) |
| Palmitic acid (16:0) | 1.571 NS | 11.53 (1.20) |
11.39 (0.64) |
11.42 (0.44) |
11.62 (0.50) |
10.88 (0.48) |
11.47 (0.59) |
10.42 (0.16) |
10.81 (0.40) |
11.59 (0.20) |
| Palmitoleic acid (C16:1) | 4.556 * |
0.070a
(0.006) |
0.063ab
(0.010) |
0.063ab
(0.005) |
0.060abc
(0.003) |
0.062abc
(0.003) |
0.062abc
(0.002) |
0.058abc
(0.008) |
0.056bc
(0.001) |
0.054c
(0.002) |
| Margaric acid (C17:0) | 2.104 NS | 0.17 (0.02) |
0.19 (0.01) |
0.19 (0.01) |
0.19 (0.01) |
0.18 (0.01) |
0.18 (0.01) |
0.18 (0.00) |
0.19 (0.00) |
0.20 (0.00) |
| Stearic acid (C 18:0) | 6.700 *** |
4.05a
(0.37) |
3.55b
(0.10) |
3.72ab
(0.14) |
3.56b
(0.06) |
3.39b
(0.05) |
3.47b
(0.05) |
3.42b
(0.03) |
3.61b
(0.01) |
3.36b
(0.06) |
| Oleic acid (C18:1) n-9 | 143.257 *** | 27.83e
(0.88) |
28.40de
(0.50) |
32.89a
(0.13) |
30.63b
(0.29) |
30.26bc
(0.33) |
29.39cd
(0.40) |
25.94f
(0.13) |
25.46f
(0.41) |
23.44g
(0.20) |
| Linoleic acid (C18:2) | 195.731 *** | 45.25c
(0.39) |
45.66c
(0.70) |
42.27e
(0.26) |
44.47d
(0.2) |
45.35cd
(0.08) |
45.4cd
(0.01) |
49.05b
(0.05) |
49.10b
(0.24) |
50.50a
(0.38) |
| α-Linolenic acid (C18:3) n-3 | 27.181 *** | 7.74c
(0.26) |
7.38cd
(0.2) |
6.48e
(0.4) |
7.08de
(0.13) |
7.56cd
(0.10) |
7.67cd
(0.14) |
8.61a
(0.03) |
8.42ab
(0.17) |
7.96bc
(0.07) |
| Arachidic acid (C20:0) | 5.232 ** |
0.38a
(0.01) |
0.366ab
(0.013) |
0.370ab
(0.004) |
0.351b
(0.003) |
0.345b
(0.005) |
0.371ab
(0.009) |
0.36ab
(0.01) |
0.37ab
(0.01) |
0.34b
(0.01) |
| Behenic acid (C22:0) | 26.637 *** | 0.23a
(0.01) |
0.156b
(0.002) |
0.156b
(0.003) |
0.146b
(0.003) |
0.138b
(0.003) |
0.147b
(0.003) |
0.14b
(0.01) |
0.13b
(0.02) |
0.14b
(0.01) |
| Erucic acid (C22:1) | 1.253 NS | 0.05 (0.01) |
0.044 (0.01) |
0.061 (0.01) |
0.062 (0.01) |
0.053 (0.01) |
0.060 (0.01) |
0.05 (0.02) |
0.04 (0.01) |
0.05 (0.01) |
| Lignoceric acid (C24:0) | 1.803 NS |
0.38 (0.02) |
0.35 (0.07) |
0.35 (0.02) |
033 (0.02) |
0.32 (0.02) |
0.32 (0.03) |
0.32 (0.01) |
0.32 (0.04) |
0.31 (0.01) |
| Others ♣ | 4.203 ** |
1.98a
(0.26) |
1.90ab
(0.70) |
1.90ab
(0.70) |
1.59ab
(0.20) |
1.13ab
(0.04) |
1.10b
(0.02) |
1.08ab
(0.01) |
1.13ab
(0.01) |
1.06ab
(0.08) |
| ∑ SFA | 1.983 NS | 17.25 (1.68) |
17.03 (1.36) |
16.80 (0.69) |
16.57 (0.56) |
15.60 (0.55) |
16.33 (0.68) |
15.20 (0.18) |
15.78 (0.48) |
16.94 (0.66) |
| ∑ MUFA | 132.557 *** | 28.42d
(0.91) |
28.96cd
(0.53) |
33.51a
(0.11) |
31.17b
(0.29) |
30.82 b
(0.35) |
29.92 bc
(0.45) |
26.48e
(0.13) |
25.98e
(0.42) |
23.95f
(0.23) |
| ∑ PUFA | 119.466 *** | 53.54b
(0.75) |
53.36b
(0.91) |
49.07d
(0.68) |
51.64c
(0.24) |
52.96bc
(0.19) |
53.13b
(0.25) |
57.70b
(0.06) |
57.64b
(0.07) |
58.56b
(0.45) |
| PUFA/SFA | 6.174 *** |
3.13bc
(0.36) |
3.14bc
(0.30) |
2.92c
(0.15) |
3.11bc
(0.12) |
3.39ab
(0.13) |
3.25ab
(0.14) |
3.80a
(0.05) |
3.65ab
(0.11) |
3.46ab
(0.16) |
| ω-6/ω-3 | 7.626 *** | 5.67c
(0.22) |
5.97bc
(0.14) |
6.51a
(0.42) |
6.25ab
(0.09) |
5.98bc
(0.06) |
5.90bc
(0.09) |
5.68c
(0.02) |
5.82bc
(0.15) |
6.32ab
(0.04) |
• Mean values (followed in brackets by the standard deviation) within the same row with the same letter are not significantly different when a probability level of 0.05 is applied. All analyses were conducted in three replicates (n = 3).
• MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids; ω-3, omega-3 fatty acids; ω-6, omega-6 fatty acids.
• Wild Type (WT), Transgenic 2 to 9; (TGP-2 to TGP-9).
• NS, not significant p ≥ 0.05; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
• †Numbers in the brackets reflect the degrees of freedom: F-value (dfbetween, dfwithin).
• ♣ Includes unidentified acids.