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. 2023 Sep 20;14:1150018. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1150018

Table 4.

Within group and between group comparisons of ADHD comorbid with ODD before and after interventions.

Variables Yoga and music group Effect size Control group (no intervention) Effect size
Pretest Posttest Pretest Posttest
Inattention 2.44 ± 0.19 1.62 ± 0.21 0.90 2.41 ± 0.22 2.39 ± 0.12 0.06
Hyperactivity/impulsivity 2.43 ± 0.22 1.61 ± 0.10 0.92 2.38 ± 0.23 2.40 ± 0.14 −0.05
ODD 2.34 ± 0.16 1.67 ± 0.09 0.93 2.36 ± 0.17 2.37 ± 0.07 −0.04
Variables Yoga group Effect size Music group Effect size
Pretest Posttest Pretest Posttest
Inattention 2.39 ± 0.24 1.87 ± 0.13 0.80 2.36 ± 0.21 2.10 ± 0.13 0.60
Hyperactivity/impulsivity 2.37 ± 0.25 1.79 ± 0.16 0.81 2.39 ± 0.25 2.14 ± 0.20 0.48
ODD 2.35 ± 0.18 1.83 ± 0.17 0.83 2.33 ± 0.22 1.99 ± 0.16 0.66

ODD, oppositional defiant disorder.