TABLE 1.
Comparison of Demographics and Clinical Characteristics According to the Gradient Group
| Variable | ≤4 (n = 9) | 5-8 (n = 18) | >8 (n = 26) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 34 ± 10 | 32 ± 10 | 31 ± 10 | 1.0 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 8 (89) | 13 (72) | 16 (62) | .3 |
| BMI, mean ± SD | 32 ± 6 | 37 ± 7 | 36 ± 8 | .3 |
| Baseline symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Headache | 9/9 (100) | 18/18 (100) | 26/26 (100) | — |
| Tinnitus | 8/9 (88.9) | 17/18 (94.4) | 25/26 (96.2) | .7 |
| Visual disturbance | 9/9 (100) | 18/18 (100) | 26/26 (100) | — |
| Ophthalmological examination | ||||
| Papilledema, n (%)a | 5/6 (83) | 10/10(100) | 13/16 (81) | 1.0 |
| Optic atrophy | 3/9 (33) | 8/18 (44) | 10/26 (38) | .8 |
| Visual field MD, mean ± SD | −3.9 ± 6.3 | −3.3 ± 4.3 | −2.9 ± 2.0 | .9 |
| RNFL, µm, mean ± SD | 119 ± 59 | 146 ± 154 | 208 ± 131 | .4 |
| Prior acetazolamide use, n (%) | 4 (44) | 9 (50) | 15 (58) | .8 |
| Opening pressure, cmH2O, mean ± SD | 28 ± 9 | 35 ± 11 | 36 ± 8 | .1 |
| Venous pressure gradient, mmHg, mean ± SDb | 3 ± 1.1 | 6 ± 1.1 | 14 ± 5.3 | <.0001 |
| Percent stenosis in stented sinus (mean ± SD) | 72 ± 9 | 66 ± 11 | 69 ± 13 | .5 |
| Sinus dominance, n (%)c | .8 | |||
| Dominant | 6/7 (86) | 12/18 (67) | 17/25 (68) | |
| Codominant | 1/7 (14) | 6/18 (33) | 8/25 (32) | |
| Stenosis due to arachnoid granulation, n (%) | 4/9 (44) | 2/18 (11) | 2/26 (8) | .051 |
ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer.
a
Patients with optic atrophy not included in this analysis.
b
Tukey post hoc comparison shows significant difference between [≤4] vs [>8] and [5 to 8] vs [>8].
c
All stented sinuses were either dominant or codominant.
Categorical variables analyzed by the Fisher exact test, and continuous variables analyzed by 1-way ANOVA unless otherwise indicated.